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The Flows of Nature to People, and of People to Nature: Applying Movement Concepts to Ecosystem Services

Author

Listed:
  • Rachel Dolan

    (School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK)

  • James M. Bullock

    (NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK)

  • Julia P. G. Jones

    (School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK)

  • Ioannis N. Athanasiadis

    (Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Javier Martinez-Lopez

    (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), E-30100 Murcia, Spain)

  • Simon Willcock

    (School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK
    Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK)

Abstract
To date, the provision of ecosystem services has largely been estimated based on spatial patterns of land cover alone, using benefit transfer analysis. Although it is increasingly being recognised that the distribution of the human population affects whether a potential service translates into a realised service, this misses key steps in the process and assumes that everyone accesses ecosystem services in the same way. Here we describe a conceptual approach to ecosystem services in terms of movement and flows. We highlight that ecosystem service flows can be broken down into ‘nature to people’ (the movement of nature towards beneficiaries) and ‘people to nature’ (the movement of beneficiaries towards nature). The former has been relatively well described. Here, we explore the latter by reviewing research on human migration, animal foraging and landscape connectivity. We assess if and how existing theories might be useful in describing how people seek out ecosystem services. We consider some of the ways in which flows of people to nature can be measured. Such measurements may reveal which movement theories best represent how people seek out and access ecosystem services. Overall, our review aims to improve the future modelling of ecosystem services by more explicitly considering how people access potential services and therefore realise them.

Suggested Citation

  • Rachel Dolan & James M. Bullock & Julia P. G. Jones & Ioannis N. Athanasiadis & Javier Martinez-Lopez & Simon Willcock, 2021. "The Flows of Nature to People, and of People to Nature: Applying Movement Concepts to Ecosystem Services," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:6:p:576-:d:565253
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Cited by:

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    2. Federica Leone & Ala Hasan & Francesco Reda & Hassam ur Rehman & Fausto Carmelo Nigrelli & Francesco Nocera & Vincenzo Costanzo, 2023. "Supporting Cities towards Carbon Neutral Transition through Territorial Acupuncture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-31, February.
    3. Zhenrao Cai & Dan Gao & Xin Xiao & Linguo Zhou & Chaoyang Fang, 2023. "The Flow of Green Exercise, Its Characteristics, Mechanism, and Pattern in Urban Green Space Networks: A Case Study of Nangchang, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, March.
    4. Meine van Noordwijk, 2021. "Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services: Reconciling Values of Humans and Nature in Sustainable Development," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-24, July.
    5. Simon Willcock & Javier Martinez-Lopez & Norman Dandy & James M. Bullock, 2021. "High Spatial-Temporal Resolution Data across Large Scales Are Needed to Transform Our Understanding of Ecosystem Services," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-6, July.

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