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Everyone Can Implement Eduball in Physical Education to Develop Cognitive and Motor Skills in Primary School Students

Author

Listed:
  • Sara Wawrzyniak

    (Department of Team Sports Games, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Mickiewicza 58, 51-684 Wroclaw, Poland
    These authors contributed equally.)

  • Marcin Korbecki

    (Department of Team Sports Games, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Mickiewicza 58, 51-684 Wroclaw, Poland
    These authors contributed equally.)

  • Ireneusz Cichy

    (Department of Team Sports Games, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Mickiewicza 58, 51-684 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Kruszwicka

    (Learning Laboratory, Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568 Poznan, Poland)

  • Tomasz Przybyla

    (Learning Laboratory, Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568 Poznan, Poland)

  • Michal Klichowski

    (Learning Laboratory, Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568 Poznan, Poland
    These authors jointly supervised this work.)

  • Andrzej Rokita

    (Department of Team Sports Games, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Mickiewicza 58, 51-684 Wroclaw, Poland
    These authors jointly supervised this work.)

Abstract
Studies suggest that incorporating core academic subjects into physical education (PE) stimulates the development of both motor and cognitive skills in primary school students. For example, several experiments show that children’s participation in Eduball, i.e., a method that uses educational balls with printed letters, numbers, and other signs, improves their physical fitness while simultaneously developing their mathematical and language skills. However, the question of who should conduct such classes to make them most effective (regular classroom teachers, physical education teachers, or maybe both in cooperation?) remains unanswered. Here, we replicated a previous Eduball experiment, but now, instead of one experimental group, there were three. In the first, Eduball-classes were conducted by the classroom teacher, in the second, by the physical education teacher, and in the third, collaboratively. After one year intervention, all experimental groups significantly improved both their cognitive (mathematical, reading, and writing) and gross motor (locomotor and object control) skills, and these effects were larger than in the control group participating in traditional PE. Importantly, there were no differences in progression between the Eduball-groups. Thus, our study demonstrates that methods linking PE with cognitive tasks can be effectively used by both PE specialists and general classroom teachers.

Suggested Citation

  • Sara Wawrzyniak & Marcin Korbecki & Ireneusz Cichy & Agnieszka Kruszwicka & Tomasz Przybyla & Michal Klichowski & Andrzej Rokita, 2022. "Everyone Can Implement Eduball in Physical Education to Develop Cognitive and Motor Skills in Primary School Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1275-:d:731896
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Herbst, Mikołaj & Strawiński, Paweł, 2016. "Early effects of an early start: Evidence from lowering the school starting age in Poland," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 256-271.
    2. Telford, R.D. & Cunningham, R.B. & Fitzgerald, R. & Olive, L.S. & Prosser, L. & Jiang, X. & Telford, R.M., 2012. "Physical education, obesity, and academic achievement: A 2-year longitudinal investigation of australian elementary school children," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(2), pages 368-374.
    3. Van Han Pham & Sara Wawrzyniak & Ireneusz Cichy & Michał Bronikowski & Andrzej Rokita, 2021. "BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-8, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ireneusz Cichy & Agnieszka Kruszwicka & Tomasz Przybyla & Weronika Rochatka & Sara Wawrzyniak & Michal Klichowski & Andrzej Rokita, 2022. "No Motor Costs of Physical Education with Eduball," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Ireneusz Cichy & Agnieszka Kruszwicka & Patrycja Palus & Tomasz Przybyla & Rainer Schliermann & Sara Wawrzyniak & Michal Klichowski & Andrzej Rokita, 2022. "Physical Education with Eduball Stimulates Non-Native Language Learning in Primary School Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-14, July.

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