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Social Inequalities in Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: A Systematic Review in the WHO European Region

Author

Listed:
  • Jonathan Fairburn

    (Staffordshire Business School, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DF, UK)

  • Steffen Andreas Schüle

    (Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
    Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany)

  • Stefanie Dreger

    (Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
    Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany)

  • Lisa Karla Hilz

    (Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
    Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany)

  • Gabriele Bolte

    (Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
    Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany)

Abstract
Ambient air pollution is a long-standing and significant public health issue. The aim of this review is to systematically examine the peer-reviewed evidence on social inequalities and ambient air pollution in the World Health Organization European Region. Articles published between 2010 and 2017 were analyzed in the review. In total 31 articles were included in the review. There is good evidence from ecological studies that higher deprivation indices and low economic position are usually linked with higher levels of pollutants such as particulate matter (particulate matter under 2.5 and 10 microns in diameter, PM 2.5 , PM 10 ) and oxides of nitrogen (e.g., NO 2 , and NO x ). There is also evidence that ethnic minorities experience a mixed exposure in comparison to the majority population being sometimes higher and sometimes lower depending on the ethnic minority under consideration. The studies using data at the individual level in this review are mainly focused on pregnant women or new mothers, in these studies deprivation and ethnicity are more likely to be linked to higher exposures of poor air quality. Therefore, there is evidence in this review that the burden of higher pollutants falls disproportionally on different social groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Jonathan Fairburn & Steffen Andreas Schüle & Stefanie Dreger & Lisa Karla Hilz & Gabriele Bolte, 2019. "Social Inequalities in Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: A Systematic Review in the WHO European Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:17:p:3127-:d:261639
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Llop, Sabrina & Ballester, Ferran & Estarlich, Marisa & Iñiguez, Carmen & Ramón, Rosa & Gonzalez, MCarmen & Murcia, Mario & Esplugues, Ana & Rebagliato, Marisa, 2011. "Social factors associated with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure during pregnancy: The INMA-Valencia project in Spain," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 72(6), pages 890-898, March.
    2. Stefanie Dreger & Steffen Andreas Schüle & Lisa Karla Hilz & Gabriele Bolte, 2019. "Social Inequalities in Environmental Noise Exposure: A Review of Evidence in the WHO European Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-15, March.
    3. Roberto Pasetto & Benedetta Mattioli & Daniela Marsili, 2019. "Environmental Justice in Industrially Contaminated Sites. A Review of Scientific Evidence in the WHO European Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-20, March.
    4. Steffen Andreas Schüle & Lisa Karla Hilz & Stefanie Dreger & Gabriele Bolte, 2019. "Social Inequalities in Environmental Resources of Green and Blue Spaces: A Review of Evidence in the WHO European Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-15, April.
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    Cited by:

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    3. Paolo Contiero & Giovanna Tagliabue & Gemma Gatta & Jaume Galceran & Jean-Luc Bulliard & Martina Bertoldi & Alessandra Scaburri & Emanuele Crocetti & on behalf of the GRELL Geographic Analysis Working, 2021. "Variation of Cancer Incidence between and within GRELL Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-10, September.
    4. Gosztonyi, Ákos & Demmler, Joanne C. & Juhola, Sirkku & Ala-Mantila, Sanna, 2023. "Ambient air pollution-related environmental inequality and environmental dissimilarity in Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    5. Fabrizio Bernardi & Risto Conte Keivabu, 2023. "Poor air at school and educational inequalities by family socioeconomic status," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2023-014, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    6. Hopkins, Emma & Potoglou, Dimitris & Orford, Scott & Cipcigan, Liana, 2023. "Can the equitable roll out of electric vehicle charging infrastructure be achieved?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    7. Bez, Charlotte S. & Ash, Michael & Boyce, James K., 2024. "Environmental inequality in industrial brownfields: Evidence from French municipalities," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    8. Sida Zhuang & Gabriele Bolte & Tobia Lakes, 2022. "Exploring Environmental Health Inequalities: A Scientometric Analysis of Global Research Trends (1970–2020)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-25, June.
    9. Mattia Acito & Cristina Fatigoni & Milena Villarini & Massimo Moretti, 2022. "Cytogenetic Effects in Children Exposed to Air Pollutants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-17, May.

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