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Environmental Performance of Emerging Photovoltaic Technologies: Assessment of the Status Quo and Future Prospects Based on a Meta-Analysis of Life-Cycle Assessment Studies

Author

Listed:
  • Steffi Weyand

    (Chair of Material Flow Management and Resource Economy, Institute IWAR, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Strasse 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany)

  • Carolin Wittich

    (Chair of Geomaterial Science, Institute of Applied Geosciences (IAG), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
    Chair of Surface Science, Materials Science Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany)

  • Liselotte Schebek

    (Chair of Material Flow Management and Resource Economy, Institute IWAR, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Strasse 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany)

Abstract
Emerging photovoltaic technologies are expected to have lower environmental impacts during their life cycle due to their extremely thin-film technology and resulting material savings. The environmental impacts of four emerging photovoltaics were investigated based on a meta-analysis of life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies, comprising a systematic review and harmonization approach of five key indicators to describe the environmental status quo and future prospects. The status quo was analyzed based on a material-related functional unit of 1 watt-peak of the photovoltaic cell. For future prospects, the functional unit of 1 kWh of generated electricity was used, including assumptions on the use phase, notably on the lifetime. The results of the status quo show that organic photovoltaic technology is the most mature emerging photovoltaic technology with a competitive environmental performance, while perovskites have a low performance, attributed to the early stage of development and inefficient manufacturing on the laboratory scale. The results of future prospects identified improvements of efficiency, lifetime, and manufacturing with regard to environmental performance based on sensitivity and scenario analyses. The developed harmonization approach supports the use of LCA in the early stages of technology development in a structured way to reduce uncertainty and extract significant information during development.

Suggested Citation

  • Steffi Weyand & Carolin Wittich & Liselotte Schebek, 2019. "Environmental Performance of Emerging Photovoltaic Technologies: Assessment of the Status Quo and Future Prospects Based on a Meta-Analysis of Life-Cycle Assessment Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-25, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:22:p:4228-:d:284001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. John Dorrell & Keunjae Lee, 2020. "The Cost of Wind: Negative Economic Effects of Global Wind Energy Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-25, July.
    2. Nils Thonemann & Anna Schulte & Daniel Maga, 2020. "How to Conduct Prospective Life Cycle Assessment for Emerging Technologies? A Systematic Review and Methodological Guidance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-23, February.
    3. Wohlschlager, Daniela & Kigle, Stephan & Schindler, Vanessa & Neitz-Regett, Anika & Fröhling, Magnus, 2024. "Environmental effects of vehicle-to-grid charging in future energy systems – A prospective life cycle assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 370(C).
    4. Carla Rodrigues & João Almeida & Maria Inês Santos & Andreia Costa & Sandra Além & Emanuel Rufo & António Tadeu & Fausto Freire, 2021. "Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Multifunctional Toilet," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, April.
    5. Steffi Weyand & Kotaro Kawajiri & Claudiu Mortan & Liselotte Schebek, 2023. "Scheme for generating upscaling scenarios of emerging functional materials based energy technologies in prospective LCA (UpFunMatLCA)," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(3), pages 676-692, June.

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