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Passenger Transport Energy Use in Ten Swedish Cities: Understanding the Differences through a Comparative Review

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  • Jeffrey R. Kenworthy

    (Fachbereich 1, Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen and Geomatik, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Nibelungenplatz 1, 60318 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
    Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia)

Abstract
Energy conservation in the passenger transport sector of cities is an important policy matter. There is a long history of transport energy conservation, dating back to the first global oil crisis in 1973–1974, the importance and significance of which is explained briefly in this paper. Detailed empirical data on private and public passenger transport energy use are provided for Sweden’s ten largest cities in 2015 (Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö, Linköping, Helsingborg, Uppsala, Jönköping, Örebro, Västerås and Umeå), as well as Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, which is a benchmark small city, well-known globally for its sustainability credentials, including mobility. These data on per capita energy use in private and public transport, as well as consumption rates per vehicle kilometer and passenger kilometer for every mode in each Swedish city and Freiburg, are compared with each other and with comprehensive earlier data on a large sample of US, Australian, Canadian, European and Asian cities. Swedish cities are found to have similar levels of per capita car use and energy use in private transport as those found in other European cities, but in the context of significantly lower densities. Possible reasons for the observed Swedish patterns are explored through detailed data on their land use, public and private transport infrastructure, and service and mobility characteristics. Relative to their comparatively low densities, Swedish cities are found to have healthy levels of public transport provision, relatively good public transport usage and very healthy levels of walking and cycling, all of which help to contribute to their moderate car use and energy use.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, 2020. "Passenger Transport Energy Use in Ten Swedish Cities: Understanding the Differences through a Comparative Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-27, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:14:p:3719-:d:386826
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. James D. Hamilton, 2011. "Historical Oil Shocks," NBER Working Papers 16790, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Jeffrey R. Kenworthy, 2017. "Is Automobile Dependence in Emerging Cities an Irresistible Force? Perspectives from São Paulo, Taipei, Prague, Mumbai, Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-30, October.
    3. Man-Feng Chang & Robert Herman, 1978. "An Attempt to Characterize Traffic in Metropolitan Areas," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 12(1), pages 58-79, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Helmut Haberl & Markus Löw & Alejandro Perez-Laborda & Sarah Matej & Barbara Plank & Dominik Wiedenhofer & Felix Creutzig & Karl-Heinz Erb & Juan Antonio Duro, 2023. "Built structures influence patterns of energy demand and CO2 emissions across countries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Virág, Doris & Wiedenhofer, Dominik & Baumgart, André & Matej, Sarah & Krausmann, Fridolin & Min, Jihoon & Rao, Narasimha D. & Haberl, Helmut, 2022. "How much infrastructure is required to support decent mobility for all? An exploratory assessment," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    3. Juan Antonio Duro & Alejandro Perez‐Laborda & Markus Löw & Sarah Matej & Barbara Plank & Fridolin Krausmann & Dominik Wiedenhofer & Helmut Haberl, 2024. "Spatial patterns of built structures co‐determine nations’ level of resource demand," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 28(2), pages 289-302, April.
    4. Elżbieta Szaruga & Bartosz Pilecki & Marta Sidorkiewicz, 2023. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Transport Accessibility, and Accommodation Accessibility on the Energy Intensity of Public Tourist Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-27, October.

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