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Shareholder protection, creditor rights and bank dividend policies

Author

Listed:
  • Badar Nadeem Ashraf
  • Changjun Zheng
Abstract
Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of legal protection of bank minority shareholders (noncontrolling shareholders) and bank creditors (e.g. depositors or debt-holders) on bank dividend payout policies using a panel data set of 5,918 banks from 52 countries over the period 1998-2007, after controlling for country-level deposit insurance coverage and bank- and country-level regulatory pressures. Design/methodology/approach - – Tobit panel regression models are used to examine the impact of legal protection of shareholders and creditors on bank dividend payout amounts. And, logit panel regression models are used to examine the impact of legal protection of shareholders and creditors on banks’ likelihood to pay dividends. Findings - – The authors support the outcome hypothesis by finding that banks pay higher amount of dividends and, are more likely to pay dividends in strong minority shareholder protection countries. However, the authors reject the substitute hypothesis by finding that banks pay higher dividends and are more likely to pay dividends in weak creditor rights countries, and banks do not substitute weak creditor rights with lower dividend payout amounts. Contrary, the authors support the literature which argues the importance of creditor rights for capital market development because one possible reason for low dividend payouts in strong creditor rights countries could be that the banks retain more profits for extending more loans. Practical implications - – By finding that creditor rights index has a negative relation with bank dividend policies in contrast to its positive relation with nonfinancial firms’ dividend policies, the authors support the literature which argues that managers of banks give less importance to factors such as current degree of financial leverage, the contractual constraints such as dividend restrictions in debt contracts, and the financing considerations such as the cost of raising external funds, while deciding about the dividend payments. The authors also suggest to keep financial and nonfinancial firms separate, to better understand the dividend puzzle. Originality/value - – Extant literature recognizes that legal institutions such as shareholder protection and creditor rights affect corporate firms’ dividend policies significantly but largely excludes banking sector. This paper, by examining the relations between legal protection of shareholders and creditors and bank dividend policies, fills this research gap.

Suggested Citation

  • Badar Nadeem Ashraf & Changjun Zheng, 2015. "Shareholder protection, creditor rights and bank dividend policies," China Finance Review International, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 5(2), pages 161-186, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:cfripp:v:5:y:2015:i:2:p:161-186
    DOI: 10.1108/CFRI-08-2014-0057
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ashraf, Badar Nadeem & Bibi, Bushra & Zheng, Changjun, 2016. "How to regulate bank dividends? Is capital regulation an answer?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 281-293.
    2. Ashraf, Badar Nadeem & Arshad, Sidra, 2017. "Foreign bank subsidiaries’ risk-taking behavior: Impact of home and host country national culture," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 318-335.
    3. Olarewaju Odunayo Magret & Migiro Stephen Oseko & Sibanda Mabutho, 2018. "Dividend Payout, Retention Policy and Financial Performance in Commercial Banks: Any Causal Relationship?," Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Oeconomica, Sciendo, vol. 63(1), pages 37-62, April.
    4. Ashraf, Badar Nadeem, 2017. "Political institutions and bank risk-taking behavior," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 13-35.
    5. Changjun Zheng & Mohammed Mizanur Rahman & Munni Begum & Badar Nadeem Ashraf, 2017. "Capital Regulation, the Cost of Financial Intermediation and Bank Profitability: Evidence from Bangladesh," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-24, April.
    6. Erhan Kilincarslan, 2018. "The Factors Determining the Dividend Policy of Financial Firms Listed on the Borsa Istanbul," Bogazici Journal, Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies, Bogazici University, Department of Economics, vol. 32(1), pages 75-109.
    7. Ashraf, Badar Nadeem & Zheng, Changjun & Arshad, Sidra, 2016. "Effects of national culture on bank risk-taking behavior," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 309-326.
    8. Badar Nadeem Ashraf & Sidra Arshad & Liang Yan, 2018. "Do Better Political Institutions Help in Reducing Political Pressure on State-Owned Banks? Evidence from Developing Countries," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-18, August.
    9. Ashraf, Badar Nadeem, 2018. "Do trade and financial openness matter for financial development? Bank-level evidence from emerging market economies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 434-458.
    10. Mohammed Mizanur Rahman & Badar Nadeem Ashraf & Changjun Zheng & Munni Begum, 2017. "Impact of Cost Efficiency on Bank Capital and the Cost of Financial Intermediation: Evidence from BRICS Countries," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-18, December.
    11. Tahir, Muhammad & Ibrahim, Haslindar & Zulkafli, Abdul Hadi & Mushtaq, Muhammad, 2020. "Corruption, national culture, law and dividend repatriation policy," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 57.
    12. Yang, Haiyan & Jia, Yingdan & Zhang, Yuyu, 2024. "Shareholder nomination of independent directors: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    13. Ashraf, Badar Nadeem & Zheng, Changjun & Jiang, Chonghui & Qian, Ningyu, 2020. "Capital regulation, deposit insurance and bank risk: International evidence from normal and crisis periods," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    14. Badar Nadeem Ashraf & Sidra Arshad & Yuancheng Hu, 2016. "Capital Regulation and Bank Risk-Taking Behavior: Evidence from Pakistan," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-20, August.

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