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Coffee Certification and Forest Quality: Evidence from a Wild Coffee Forest in Ethiopia

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  • Takahashi, Ryo
  • Todo, Yasuyuki
Abstract
Shade coffee certification programs that aim to conserve the forest and to prevent forest degradation have attracted an increasing amount of attention. However, such programs’ impact on forest degradation remains unclear because of the absence of empirical evidence. In addition, there is heated debate about whether certification programs create an incentive for producers to expand their coffee-growing areas, which may accelerate forest degradation in the surrounding natural forest. This study, which was conducted in Ethiopia, aimed to evaluate the impact of a shade coffee certification program on forest degradation. Additionally, to provide empirical evidence for the debate, we examined the spillover effects of certification to surrounding forest areas and used remote sensing data of 2005 and 2010 to classify forest areas based on their density. We applied matching methods, such as the propensity score matching with different algorithms, to compare forest coffee areas with and without the certification. We found that the certified forest coffee areas slightly increased in forest density. By contrast, we observed drastic forest degradation in the forest coffee areas without certification. We checked the sensitivity of our results and found that our results are robust to potential hidden bias. Furthermore, our empirical results revealed that the natural forest areas within a 100-m radius from the forest coffee boundary area exhibited significantly reduced forest degradation compared with forest areas under similar environmental conditions but that such positive and significant impact diminished after 100-m distance. These results indicate that the certification program is effective in alleviating forest degradation in the certified area and in the surrounding natural forest.

Suggested Citation

  • Takahashi, Ryo & Todo, Yasuyuki, 2017. "Coffee Certification and Forest Quality: Evidence from a Wild Coffee Forest in Ethiopia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 158-166.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:92:y:2017:i:c:p:158-166
    DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.001
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    5. Takahashi, Ryo & Todo, Yasuyuki & Funaki, Yukihiko, 2018. "How Can We Motivate Consumers to Purchase Certified Forest Coffee? Evidence From a Laboratory Randomized Experiment Using Eye-trackers," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 107-121.
    6. Takahashi, R. & Todo, Y., 2018. "When do consumers stand up for the environment? Evidence from a large-scale social experiment to promote environmentally friendly coffee," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277507, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    7. Qianwen Duan & Minghong Tan, 2019. "Spatial and Temporal Variations of Forest Cover in Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-15, March.
    8. Kubo, Hideyuki & Wibawanto, Ari & Rossanda, Dicko, 2019. "Toward a policy mix in conservation governance: A case of Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    9. Mitiku, Fikadu & Nyssen, Jan & Maertens, Miet, 2017. "Can Coffee Certification Promote Land-sharing and Protect Forest in Ethiopia?," Working Papers 253567, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Centre for Agricultural and Food Economics.
    10. Musinguzi, Peter & Bosselmann, Aske Skovmand & Pouliot, Mariève, 2018. "Livelihoods-conservation initiatives: Evidence of socio-economic impacts from organic honey production in Mwingi, Eastern Kenya," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 132-145.
    11. Vincent Canwat, 2023. "Value chains and sustainable development: A perspective of sustainable coffee value chains in East Africa," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(2), pages 668-679, April.
    12. Ruifeng Liu & Zhifeng Gao & Rodolfo M. Nayga & Lijia Shi & Les Oxley & Hengyun Ma, 2020. "Can “green food” certification achieve both sustainable practices and economic benefits in a transitional economy? The case of kiwifruit growers in Henan Province, China," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(4), pages 675-692, October.
    13. Ryo Takahashi, 2017. "Climate, Crime, And Suicide: Empirical Evidence From Japan," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 8(01), pages 1-14, February.
    14. Ryo Takahashi, 2019. "How to stimulate environmentally friendly consumption: Evidence from a nationwide social experiment to promote eco-friendly coffee," Working Papers 1917, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
    15. Karla Rubio‐Jovel, 2023. "The voluntary sustainability standards and their contribution towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals: A systematic review on the coffee sector," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(6), pages 1013-1052, August.
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