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Bank regulatory arbitrage via risk weighted assets dispersion

Author

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  • Ferri, Giovanni
  • Pesic, Valerio
Abstract
Increased dispersion of Risk Weighted Assets (RWA) troubles regulators as potentially undermining prudential supervision. We study the determinants of RWA/EAD (Exposure-At-Default) on data painstakingly compiled from Basel Pillar-Three for 239 European banks over 2007–2013. We improve on most previous studies, which consider instead RWA/TA (Total Assets). Indeed, Internal-Rating-Based (IRB) models allow lawful capital-saving Roll-Out effects which RWA/TA analyses disregard and likely misidentify as regulatory arbitrage. Instead, encapsulating Roll-Out effects, RWA/EAD avoids false positive identification. We find that regulatory arbitrage: (i) was present; (ii) likely materialized via risk weights manipulation with IRB models; (iii) was stronger at Advanced-IRB vs Foundation-IRB banks.

Suggested Citation

  • Ferri, Giovanni & Pesic, Valerio, 2017. "Bank regulatory arbitrage via risk weighted assets dispersion," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 331-345.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:finsta:v:33:y:2017:i:c:p:331-345
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2016.10.006
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    Cited by:

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    4. Liu, Cai, 2021. "The IRB model, bank regulatory arbitrage, and the Eurozone crisis," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    5. Harkin, S.M. & Mare, D.S. & Crook, J.N., 2020. "Independence in bank governance structure: Empirical evidence of effects on bank risk and performance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    6. Merikas, Andreas & Merika, Anna & Penikas, Henry I. & Surkov, Mikhail A., 2020. "The Basel II internal ratings based (IRB) model and the transition impact on the listed Greek banks," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 22(C).
    7. Böhnke, Victoria & Ongena, Steven & Paraschiv, Florentina & Reite, Endre J., 2023. "Back to the roots of internal credit risk models: Does risk explain why banks' risk-weighted asset levels converge over time?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    8. Stepankova, Barbora & Teply, Petr, 2023. "Consistency of banks' internal probability of default estimates: Empirical evidence from the COVID-19 crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    9. Burkhard Raunig & Michael Sigmund, 2022. "The ECB Single Supervisory Mechanism: Effects on Bank Performance and Capital Requirements (Burkhard Raunig, Michael Sigmund)," Working Papers 244, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank).
    10. Schlam, Carina & Woyand, Corinna, 2023. "The rollout of internal credit risk models: Implications for the novel partial-use philosophy," Discussion Papers 07/2023, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    11. Clark, Brian & Ebrahim, Alireza, 2022. "Risk shifting and regulatory arbitrage: Evidence from operational risk," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    12. Cucinelli, Doriana & Battista, Maria Luisa Di & Marchese, Malvina & Nieri, Laura, 2018. "Credit risk in European banks: The bright side of the internal ratings based approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 213-229.
    13. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio & Matarrese, Marco Maria, 2022. "The Determinants of Risk Weighted Asset in Europe," MPRA Paper 112924, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Sara Longo & Antonio Parbonetti & Amedeo Pugliese, 2022. "Investors’ expectations around quantitative easing: does liquidity injection affect European banks equally?," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 26(3), pages 957-996, September.
    15. Giuliana Birindelli & Paola Ferretti & Giovanni Ferri & Marco Savioli, 2022. "Regulatory reform and banking diversity: reassessing Basel 3," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 429-456, December.
    16. Osmundsen, Kjartan Kloster, 2018. "Using expected shortfall for credit risk regulation," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 80-93.
    17. Giovanna Paladino & Zeno Rotondi, 2020. "Banking business models and risk: Findings from the ECB's comprehensive assessment," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 49(2), July.
    18. Alessandro Bitetto & Paola Cerchiello & Stefano Filomeni & Alessandra Tanda & Barbara Tarantino, 2021. "Machine Learning and Credit Risk: Empirical Evidence from SMEs," DEM Working Papers Series 201, University of Pavia, Department of Economics and Management.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Regulatory arbitrage; Internal rating based models; Risk weighted assets dispersion;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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