[go: up one dir, main page]
IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ejores/v263y2017i2p698-706.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An improved least squares Monte Carlo valuation method based on heteroscedasticity

Author

Listed:
  • Fabozzi, Frank J.
  • Paletta, Tommaso
  • Tunaru, Radu
Abstract
Longstaff–Schwartz’s least squares Monte Carlo method is one of the most applied numerical methods for pricing American-style derivatives. We examine the algorithms regression step, demonstrating that the OLS regression is not the best linear unbiased estimator because of heteroscedasticity. We prove the existence of heteroscedasticity for single-asset and multi-asset payoffs numerically and theoretically, and propose weighted-least squares MC valuation method to correct for it. An extensive numerical study shows that the proposed method produces significantly smaller pricing bias than the Longstaff–Schwartz method under several well-known price dynamics. An empirical pricing exercise using market data confirms the advantages of the improved method.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabozzi, Frank J. & Paletta, Tommaso & Tunaru, Radu, 2017. "An improved least squares Monte Carlo valuation method based on heteroscedasticity," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 263(2), pages 698-706.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:263:y:2017:i:2:p:698-706
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2017.05.048
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037722171730512X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.05.048?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(1), pages 113-147.
    2. Nelson Areal & Artur Rodrigues & Manuel Armada, 2008. "On improving the least squares Monte Carlo option valuation method," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 119-151, March.
    3. Denis Belomestny & Fabian Dickmann & Tigran Nagapetyan, 2013. "Pricing American options via multi-level approximation methods," Papers 1303.1334, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2013.
    4. Ibáñez, Alfredo & Paraskevopoulos, Ioannis, 2010. "The Sensitivity of American Options to Suboptimal Exercise Strategies," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 45(6), pages 1563-1590, December.
    5. Carriere, Jacques F., 1996. "Valuation of the early-exercise price for options using simulations and nonparametric regression," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 19-30, December.
    6. Jarrow, Robert & Kwok, Simon Sai Man, 2015. "Specification tests of calibrated option pricing models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 189(2), pages 397-414.
    7. Mark Broadie & Jerome B. Detemple, 2004. "ANNIVERSARY ARTICLE: Option Pricing: Valuation Models and Applications," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(9), pages 1145-1177, September.
    8. Jarrow, Robert & Li, Haitao & Liu, Sheen & Wu, Chunchi, 2010. "Reduced-form valuation of callable corporate bonds: Theory and evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(2), pages 227-248, February.
    9. Chockalingam, Arun & Feng, Haolin, 2015. "The implication of missing the optimal-exercise time of an American option," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 243(3), pages 883-896.
    10. Rene Carmona & Michael Ludkovski, 2010. "Valuation of energy storage: an optimal switching approach," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(4), pages 359-374.
    11. Daniel Zanger, 2013. "Quantitative error estimates for a least-squares Monte Carlo algorithm for American option pricing," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 503-534, July.
    12. Bates, David S, 1996. "Jumps and Stochastic Volatility: Exchange Rate Processes Implicit in Deutsche Mark Options," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 9(1), pages 69-107.
    13. Carl Chiarella & Boda Kang & Gunter H. Meyer & Andrew Ziogas, 2009. "The Evaluation Of American Option Prices Under Stochastic Volatility And Jump-Diffusion Dynamics Using The Method Of Lines," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 12(03), pages 393-425.
    14. Manuel Moreno & Javier Navas, 2003. "On the Robustness of Least-Squares Monte Carlo (LSM) for Pricing American Derivatives," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 107-128, May.
    15. Fabozzi, Frank J. & Paletta, Tommaso & Stanescu, Silvia & Tunaru, Radu, 2016. "An improved method for pricing and hedging long dated American options," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 254(2), pages 656-666.
    16. Lars Stentoft, 2004. "Convergence of the Least Squares Monte Carlo Approach to American Option Valuation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(9), pages 1193-1203, September.
    17. Philip Protter & Emmanuelle Clément & Damien Lamberton, 2002. "An analysis of a least squares regression method for American option pricing," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 6(4), pages 449-471.
    18. Broadie, Mark & Detemple, Jerome, 1996. "American Option Valuation: New Bounds, Approximations, and a Comparison of Existing Methods," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 9(4), pages 1211-1250.
    19. Chockalingam, Arun & Muthuraman, Kumar, 2015. "An approximate moving boundary method for American option pricing," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 240(2), pages 431-438.
    20. Pascal L�tourneau & Lars Stentoft, 2014. "Refining the least squares Monte Carlo method by imposing structure," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 495-507, March.
    21. Denis Belomestny, 2011. "Pricing Bermudan options by nonparametric regression: optimal rates of convergence for lower estimates," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 655-683, December.
    22. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," University of California at Los Angeles, Anderson Graduate School of Management qt43n1k4jb, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA.
    23. Lars Stentoft, 2004. "Assessing the Least Squares Monte-Carlo Approach to American Option Valuation," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 7(2), pages 129-168, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pascal Létourneau & Lars Stentoft, 2019. "Bootstrapping the Early Exercise Boundary in the Least-Squares Monte Carlo Method," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, December.
    2. Kaeck, Andreas & Seeger, Norman J., 2020. "VIX derivatives, hedging and vol-of-vol risk," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 283(2), pages 767-782.
    3. Maier, Sebastian & Pflug, Georg C. & Polak, John W., 2020. "Valuing portfolios of interdependent real options under exogenous and endogenous uncertainties," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 285(1), pages 133-147.
    4. Reesor, R. Mark & Stentoft, Lars & Zhu, Xiaotian, 2024. "A critical analysis of the Weighted Least Squares Monte Carlo method for pricing American options," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    5. Wei, Wei & Zhu, Dan, 2022. "Generic improvements to least squares monte carlo methods with applications to optimal stopping problems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 298(3), pages 1132-1144.
    6. Hanbyeol Jang & Sangkwon Kim & Junhee Han & Seongjin Lee & Jungyup Ban & Hyunsoo Han & Chaeyoung Lee & Darae Jeong & Junseok Kim, 2020. "Fast Monte Carlo Simulation for Pricing Equity-Linked Securities," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 56(4), pages 865-882, December.
    7. Jeechul Woo & Chenru Liu & Jaehyuk Choi, 2024. "Leave‐one‐out least squares Monte Carlo algorithm for pricing Bermudan options," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(8), pages 1404-1428, August.
    8. Ben Moews, 2023. "On random number generators and practical market efficiency," Papers 2305.17419, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2023.
    9. Francesco Rotondi, 2019. "American Options on High Dividend Securities: A Numerical Investigation," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-20, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhiyi Shen & Chengguo Weng, 2019. "A Backward Simulation Method for Stochastic Optimal Control Problems," Papers 1901.06715, arXiv.org.
    2. Nelson Areal & Artur Rodrigues & Manuel Armada, 2008. "On improving the least squares Monte Carlo option valuation method," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 119-151, March.
    3. Daniel Z. Zanger, 2020. "General Error Estimates for the Longstaff–Schwartz Least-Squares Monte Carlo Algorithm," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 45(3), pages 923-946, August.
    4. Lars Stentoft, 2013. "American option pricing using simulation with an application to the GARCH model," Chapters, in: Adrian R. Bell & Chris Brooks & Marcel Prokopczuk (ed.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Empirical Finance, chapter 5, pages 114-147, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    5. Chen Liu & Henry Schellhorn & Qidi Peng, 2019. "American Option Pricing With Regression: Convergence Analysis," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(08), pages 1-31, December.
    6. Hongjun Ha & Daniel Bauer, 2022. "A least-squares Monte Carlo approach to the estimation of enterprise risk," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 417-459, July.
    7. Jeechul Woo & Chenru Liu & Jaehyuk Choi, 2024. "Leave‐one‐out least squares Monte Carlo algorithm for pricing Bermudan options," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(8), pages 1404-1428, August.
    8. Floryszczak, Anthony & Le Courtois, Olivier & Majri, Mohamed, 2016. "Inside the Solvency 2 Black Box: Net Asset Values and Solvency Capital Requirements with a least-squares Monte-Carlo approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 15-26.
    9. Andrea Gamba & Nicola Fusari, 2009. "Valuing Modularity as a Real Option," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(11), pages 1877-1896, November.
    10. Fabozzi, Frank J. & Paletta, Tommaso & Stanescu, Silvia & Tunaru, Radu, 2016. "An improved method for pricing and hedging long dated American options," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 254(2), pages 656-666.
    11. Katarzyna Toporek, 2012. "Simple is better. Empirical comparison of American option valuation methods," Ekonomia journal, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, vol. 29.
    12. Pascal Létourneau & Lars Stentoft, 2019. "Bootstrapping the Early Exercise Boundary in the Least-Squares Monte Carlo Method," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, December.
    13. Len Patrick Dominic M. Garces & Gerald H. L. Cheang, 2021. "A numerical approach to pricing exchange options under stochastic volatility and jump-diffusion dynamics," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(12), pages 2025-2054, December.
    14. Berridge, S.J. & Schumacher, J.M., 2002. "An Irregular Grid Approach for Pricing High Dimensional American Options," Other publications TiSEM 416a6d43-3466-47e0-b656-d, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    15. Mombello, Bruno & Olsina, Fernando & Pringles, Rolando, 2023. "Valuing photovoltaic power plants by compound real options," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    16. Alexander Boogert & Cyriel de Jong, 2007. "Gas Storage Valuation Using a Monte Carlo Method," Birkbeck Working Papers in Economics and Finance 0704, Birkbeck, Department of Economics, Mathematics & Statistics.
    17. Zhu, Lei & Zhang, ZhongXiang & Fan, Ying, 2015. "Overseas oil investment projects under uncertainty: How to make informed decisions?," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 742-762.
    18. Minqiang Li, 2010. "A quasi-analytical interpolation method for pricing American options under general multi-dimensional diffusion processes," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 13(2), pages 177-217, July.
    19. Blessing Taruvinga & Boda Kang & Christina Sklibosios Nikitopoulos, 2018. "Pricing American Options with Jumps in Asset and Volatility," Research Paper Series 394, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
    20. Joseph Y. J. Chow & Hamid R. Sayarshad, 2016. "Reference Policies for Non-myopic Sequential Network Design and Timing Problems," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 1183-1209, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:263:y:2017:i:2:p:698-706. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/eor .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.