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Climate policy in Western Europe and avoided costs of air pollution control

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  • Rive, Nathan
Abstract
Abatement of CO2 emissions will be accompanied by reduced air pollutant emissions such as particulate matter (PM), SO2, and NOx. This, in turn, will reduce the need for end of pipe (EOP) pollution control technologies to meet future air quality targets. This dynamic could put more stringent air quality goals within reach, and increase the political feasibility of climate policy. This paper presents a CGE model that has been modified to include the emissions and EOP abatement of PM, SO2, and NOx from stationary sources in the EU-17. Emissions of pollutants are modeled as fixed-factor complementary inputs to their associated source. Abatement in each sector is modeled as a substitution between the pollutants and discrete abatement technologies, each of which is sector-specific and characterized by a marginal abatement cost and technical capacity constraint. Scenarios are run to 2020, to assess the costs and co-benefits of simultaneous air quality and climate policies. We find that under the Kyoto Protocol in 2010, the welfare cost of pollution control is reduced by 16% compared to the baseline, effectively offsetting the cost of CO2 abatement by 15%. The co-benefit results depend heavily on policy choices, and their magnitude relative to total costs is likely to decline as greenhouse targets become more ambitious. In our scenarios, pollution control cost savings range from 1.3 to 20% in 2020, yielding a climate cost offset range of 0.2 to 3.9%. The CO2 credit imports allowed by the EU via the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) offer a total savings of $9.7bn in 2020, but only need to be compensated by an additional $0.3-0.4bn in domestic pollution control from stationary sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Rive, Nathan, 2010. "Climate policy in Western Europe and avoided costs of air pollution control," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 103-115, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:27:y:2010:i:1:p:103-115
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    Cited by:

    1. Johannes Bollen & Corjan Brink, 2012. "Air Pollution Policy in Europe: Quantifying the Interaction with Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change Policies," CPB Discussion Paper 220, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    2. Bollen, Johannes & Brink, Corjan, 2014. "Air pollution policy in Europe: Quantifying the interaction with greenhouse gases and climate change policies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 202-215.
    3. Qinliang Tan & Yihong Ding & Yimei Zhang, 2017. "Optimization Model of an Efficient Collaborative Power Dispatching System for Carbon Emissions Trading in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-19, September.
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    6. Li, Na & Zhang, Xiaoling & Shi, Minjun & Hewings, Geoffrey J.D., 2019. "Does China's air pollution abatement policy matter? An assessment of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on a multi-regional CGE model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 213-227.
    7. Tan, Qinliang & Ding, Yihong & Ye, Qi & Mei, Shufan & Zhang, Yimei & Wei, Yongmei, 2019. "Optimization and evaluation of a dispatch model for an integrated wind-photovoltaic-thermal power system based on dynamic carbon emissions trading," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    8. Mrkajic, Vladimir & Vukelic, Djordje & Mihajlov, Andjelka, 2015. "Reduction of CO2 emission and non-environmental co-benefits of bicycle infrastructure provision: the case of the University of Novi Sad, Serbia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 232-242.
    9. Li, Wei & Jia, Zhijie, 2016. "The impact of emission trading scheme and the ratio of free quota: A dynamic recursive CGE model in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 1-14.
    10. Ping Jiang & Adila Alimujiang & Hongjia Dong & Xiaoyu Yan, 2019. "Detecting and Understanding Synergies and Co-Benefits of Low Carbon Development in the Electric Power Industry in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, December.
    11. Jiang, Hong-Dian & Purohit, Pallav & Liang, Qiao-Mei & Dong, Kangyin & Liu, Li-Jing, 2022. "The cost-benefit comparisons of China's and India's NDCs based on carbon marginal abatement cost curves," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    12. Wei Li & Zhijie Jia, 2017. "Carbon tax, emission trading, or the mixed policy: which is the most effective strategy for climate change mitigation in China?," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 973-992, August.
    13. Wang, Lining & Patel, Pralit L. & Yu, Sha & Liu, Bo & McLeod, Jeff & Clarke, Leon E. & Chen, Wenying, 2016. "Win–Win strategies to promote air pollutant control policies and non-fossil energy target regulation in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 244-253.
    14. Xu, Bing & Lin, Weiran & Taqi, Syed Ali, 2020. "The impact of wind and non-wind factors on PM2.5 levels," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    15. Bollen, Johannes, 2015. "The value of air pollution co-benefits of climate policies: Analysis with a global sector-trade CGE model called WorldScan," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 90(PA), pages 178-191.
    16. Chang, Shiyan & Yang, Xi & Zheng, Haotian & Wang, Shuxiao & Zhang, Xiliang, 2020. "Air quality and health co-benefits of China's national emission trading system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    17. Zhang, Shaohui & Worrell, Ernst & Crijns-Graus, Wina, 2015. "Synergy of air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions of Chinese industries: A critical assessment of energy models," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2436-2450.
    18. Tan, Qinliang & Ding, Yihong & Zheng, Jin & Dai, Mei & Zhang, Yimei, 2021. "The effects of carbon emissions trading and renewable portfolio standards on the integrated wind–photovoltaic–thermal power-dispatching system: Real case studies in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    19. Weitzel, Matthias & Saveyn, Bert & Vandyck, Toon, 2019. "Including bottom-up emission abatement technologies in a large-scale global economic model for policy assessments," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 254-263.
    20. Wei, Xinyang & Tong, Qing & Magill, Iain & Vithayasrichareon, Peerapat & Betz, Regina, 2020. "Evaluation of potential co-benefits of air pollution control and climate mitigation policies for China's electricity sector," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    21. Eskeland, Gunnar S. & Rive, Nathan A. & Mideksa, Torben K., 2012. "Europe’s climate goals and the electricity sector," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 200-211.
    22. Solveig Glomsrød & Taoyuan Wei & Knut Alfsen, 2013. "Pledges for climate mitigation: the effects of the Copenhagen accord on CO 2 emissions and mitigation costs," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 18(5), pages 619-636, June.
    23. Shuo Gao & Ping Jiang, 2020. "Detecting and understanding co-benefits generated in tackling climate change and environmental degradation in China," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(5), pages 4589-4618, June.
    24. Chae, Yeora & Park, Jeongim, 2011. "Quantifying costs and benefits of integrated environmental strategies of air quality management and greenhouse gas reduction in the Seoul Metropolitan Area," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 5296-5308, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Computable general equilibrium Climate policy Air quality Integrated environmental analysis End of pipe control Q52 Q54;

    JEL classification:

    • Q52 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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