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A comparison between Miscanthus and bioethanol waste pellets and their performance in a downdraft gasifier

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  • Kallis, Kyriakos X.
  • Pellegrini Susini, Giacomo A.
  • Oakey, John E.
Abstract
Pelletised biomass has been found to have excellent potential for their utilisation in small to medium sized energy systems because of its advantages over loose feedstock. The energy density is increased and so the space occupied in transportation is decreased and the amount of problematic dust or fines is also decreased. Furthermore, pellets provide a more uniform fuel, allowing easier feeding and improved performance in thermal conversion processes. The pellet manufacturing process, or pelletisation process, plays a major role on the quality of pellets produced. Changes to pelletisation parameters such as feedstock moisture content, die diameter, particle size (or screen size), addition of lubricants or binders can significantly alter the quality of the pellets and therefore the ease with which the pellets can be gasified in a downdraft gasification process. One important quality parameter that greatly affects the downdraft gasification process is the strength or durability of pellets. Durability can be defined as the ability of pellets to resist mechanical breakdown during transport or during feeding into an energy plant. Other important parameters that affect downdraft gasification are the ash content and composition of the pellets. The ash is derived from the minerals in the feedstock, the addition of binders or lubricants and also the pellet production method. Furthermore, gasification efficiency can be also affected by the process parameters such as air-to-fuel ratio, air or biomass feed rate and operating temperature. The current article compares the properties of three different types of pellets and their gasification performance. Two types of Miscanthusand a bioethanol production reside (distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) were used to make the pellets. The pellets made were of similar size (6–8mm) and ultimate analysis, so the paper focuseson the most important differences; these were durability, ash content and gasification parameters, expressed through the equivalence ratio which relates the actual air-to-fuel ratio with the calculated stoichiometric value. A series of experiments were conducted in a 50kWth pilot scale downdraft gasifier with the equivalence ratio varied in the range 0.2–0.3. The quality of the gas produced and the gasifier performance were assessed in terms of the gas composition, yield, heating value, cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Kallis, Kyriakos X. & Pellegrini Susini, Giacomo A. & Oakey, John E., 2013. "A comparison between Miscanthus and bioethanol waste pellets and their performance in a downdraft gasifier," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 333-340.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:101:y:2013:i:c:p:333-340
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.01.037
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    1. Pellegrini, Luiz Felipe & de Oliveira, Silvio, 2007. "Exergy analysis of sugarcane bagasse gasification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 314-327.
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    1. Suyitno & Heru Sutanto & Mohammad Muqoffa & Tito Gusti Nurrohim, 2022. "An Experimental and Numerical Study of the Burning of Calliandra Wood Pellets in a 200 kW Furnace," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Pulla Rose Havilah & Amit Kumar Sharma & Gopalakrishnan Govindasamy & Leonidas Matsakas & Alok Patel, 2022. "Biomass Gasification in Downdraft Gasifiers: A Technical Review on Production, Up-Gradation and Application of Synthesis Gas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-19, May.
    3. Bajwa, Dilpreet S. & Peterson, Tyler & Sharma, Neeta & Shojaeiarani, Jamileh & Bajwa, Sreekala G., 2018. "A review of densified solid biomass for energy production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 296-305.
    4. Khan, Zakir & Kamble, Prashant & Reza Check, Gholam & DiLallo, Trevor & O'Sullivan, Willy & Turner, Ellen D. & Mackay, Andrew & Blanco-Sanchez, Paula & Yu, Xi & Bridgwater, Anthony & Paul McCalmont, J, 2022. "Design, instrumentation, and operation of a standard downdraft, laboratory-scale gasification testbed utilising novel seed-propagated hybrid Miscanthus pellets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    5. Roy, Murari Mohon & Dutta, Animesh & Corscadden, Kenny, 2013. "An experimental study of combustion and emissions of biomass pellets in a prototype pellet furnace," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 298-307.
    6. Tejasvi Sharma & Diego M. Yepes Maya & Francisco Regis M. Nascimento & Yunye Shi & Albert Ratner & Electo E. Silva Lora & Lourival Jorge Mendes Neto & Jose Carlos Escobar Palacios & Rubenildo Vieira A, 2018. "An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Gasification of Miscanthus Briquettes in a Double-Stage Downdraft Gasifier: Syngas, Tar, and Biochar Characterization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-23, November.
    7. Hossain, Tasmin & Jones, Daniela S. & Godfrey, Edward & Saloni, Daniel & Sharara, Mahmoud & Hartley, Damon S., 2024. "Characterizing value-added pellets obtained from blends of miscanthus, corn stover, and switchgrass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    8. Sarkar, Madhura & Kumar, Ajay & Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar & Patil, Krushna N. & Bellmer, Danielle D., 2014. "Gasification performance of switchgrass pretreated with torrefaction and densification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 194-201.
    9. Nunes, L.J.R. & Matias, J.C.O. & Catalão, J.P.S., 2014. "Mixed biomass pellets for thermal energy production: A review of combustion models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 135-140.
    10. Susastriawan, A.A.P. & Saptoadi, Harwin & Purnomo,, 2017. "Small-scale downdraft gasifiers for biomass gasification: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 989-1003.
    11. Chaerusani, Virdi & Ramli, Yusrin & Zahra, Aghietyas Choirun Az & Zhang, Pan & Rizkiana, Jenny & Kongparakul, Suwadee & Samart, Chanatip & Karnjanakom, Surachai & Kang, Dong-Jin & Abudula, Abuliti & G, 2024. "In-situ catalytic upgrading of bio-oils from rapid pyrolysis of torrefied giant miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus) over copper‑magnesium bimetal modified HZSM-5," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PA).
    12. Elsner, Witold & Wysocki, Marian & Niegodajew, Paweł & Borecki, Roman, 2017. "Experimental and economic study of small-scale CHP installation equipped with downdraft gasifier and internal combustion engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 213-227.

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