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Frühkindliche Bildung und spätere kognitive und nichtkognitive Fähigkeiten: deutsche und internationale Evidenz

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  • Martin Schlotter
  • Ludger Wößmann
Abstract
Preschool Education and Later Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills: German and International Evidence - We present international and German evidence on the association between preschool education and later cognitive and non-cognitive skills based on data from TIMSS, PISA, PIRLS, and the DJI Children Longitudinal Study. The results show that attending preschool institutions is mostly positively associated with later cognitive and social outcomes. The international evidence on cognitive skills indicates a particular relevance for equality of opportunity, as well as the importance of aspects of quality and competition in preschool systems. German results suggest the relevance of competence levels achieved before school, whereas evidence on the effects of German Kindergarten attendance is ambiguous. Additional German evidence shows a positive effect of a younger preschool entrance age on children's assertiveness and ability to form friendships. Dieser Artikel präsentiert Ergebnisse mehrerer international vergleichender und deutscher mikroökonometrischer Untersuchungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen frühkindlicher Bildung und späteren kognitiven und nichtkognitiven Fähigkeiten anhand der TIMSS-, PISA-, IGLU- und DJI-Kinderpanel- Datensatze. Die teils neue Evidenz belegt, dass der Besuch frühkindlicher Bildungseinrichtungen meist positiv mit späteren kognitiven und sozialen Kompetenzen zusammenhängt. Die international vergleichende Evidenz zu kognitiven Fähigkeiten deutet insbesondere auf eine große Bedeutung für die Chancengleichheit sowie auf die Wichtigkeit von Qualitäts- und Wettbewerbsaspekten in frühkindlichen Bildungssystemen hin. Deutschland-spezifische Analysen legen die Bedeutung des vor der Schule erreichten Kompetenzniveaus nahe, wohingegen die Evidenz zu den Effekten der zumeist als Betreuungseinrichtungen konzipierten deutschen Kindergärten weniger eindeutig ist. Weitere Evidenz belegt, dass ein früheres Eintrittsalter in den Kindergarten Kinder durchsetzungsfähiger macht und sie leichter Freundschaften schließen lässt.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Schlotter & Ludger Wößmann, 2010. "Frühkindliche Bildung und spätere kognitive und nichtkognitive Fähigkeiten: deutsche und internationale Evidenz," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 79(3), pages 99-120.
    • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:79-3-7
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.79.3.99
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    1. Gabriela Schütz & Heinrich W. Ursprung & Ludger Wößmann, 2008. "Education Policy and Equality of Opportunity," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(2), pages 279-308, May.
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    5. Martin R. West & Ludger Woessmann, 2010. "'Every Catholic Child in a Catholic School': Historical Resistance to State Schooling, Contemporary Private Competition and Student Achievement across Countries," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 120(546), pages 229-255, August.
    6. Heckman, James J. & Moon, Seong Hyeok & Pinto, Rodrigo & Savelyev, Peter A. & Yavitz, Adam, 2010. "The rate of return to the HighScope Perry Preschool Program," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(1-2), pages 114-128, February.
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    11. Martin Schlotter, 2011. "Age at Preschool Entrance and Noncognitive Skills before School - An Instrumental Variable Approach," ifo Working Paper Series 112, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
    12. Melissa Osborne & Herbert Gintis & Samuel Bowles, 2001. "The Determinants of Earnings: A Behavioral Approach," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 39(4), pages 1137-1176, December.
    13. Landvoigt, Tim & Muehler, Grit & Pfeiffer, Friedhelm, 2007. "Duration and Intensity of Kindergarten Attendance and Secondary School Track Choice," ZEW Discussion Papers 07-051, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    14. Jens Ludwig & Douglas L. Miller, 2007. "Does Head Start Improve Children's Life Chances? Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 122(1), pages 159-208.
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    16. Eric A. Hanushek & Ludger Woessmann, 2008. "The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic Development," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 46(3), pages 607-668, September.
    17. James J. Heckman & Jora Stixrud & Sergio Urzua, 2006. "The Effects of Cognitive and Noncognitive Abilities on Labor Market Outcomes and Social Behavior," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 24(3), pages 411-482, July.
    18. William T. Gormley, Jr. & Ted Gayer, 2005. "Promoting School Readiness in Oklahoma: An Evaluation of Tulsa's Pre-K Program," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 40(3).
    19. Elizabeth U. Cascio, 2009. "Do Investments in Universal Early Education Pay Off? Long-term Effects of Introducing Kindergartens into Public Schools," NBER Working Papers 14951, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    20. Blau, David & Currie, Janet, 2006. "Pre-School, Day Care, and After-School Care: Who's Minding the Kids?," Handbook of the Economics of Education, in: Erik Hanushek & F. Welch (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Education, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 20, pages 1163-1278, Elsevier.
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    Cited by:

    1. Braun, Sebastian & Friedl, Andreas & Groll, Dominik & Bachmann, Ronald & Giesecke, Matthias & Kramer, Anica & Paloyo, Alfredo & Sachs, Andreas, 2012. "Demografie und Wachstum: Die gesamtwirtschaftlichen Effekte einer höheren Erwerbstätigkeit Älterer. Gutachten im Auftrag der Initiative Neue Soziale Marktwirtschaft (INSM) GmbH. Endbericht," RWI Projektberichte, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, number 72614.
    2. Karl Aiginger & Susanne Bärenthaler-Sieber & Johanna Vogel, 2015. "Competitiveness of EU versus USA. WWWforEurope Policy Paper No. 29," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 58553.
    3. Elke Lüdemann, 2011. "Schooling and the Formation of Cognitive and Non-cognitive Outcomes," ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 39.
    4. Peter, Frauke H. & Schober, Pia S. & Spiess, Katharina C., 2016. "Early Birds in Day Care: The Social Gradient in Starting Day Care and Children’s Non-cognitive Skills," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 62(4), pages 725-751.
    5. Wößmann Ludger, 2011. "Aktuelle Herausforderungen der deutschen Bildungspolitik: Ordnungspolitischer Rahmen und konkrete Handlungsfelder / Current Challenges for German Education Policy: Institutional Framework and Concrete," ORDO. Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, De Gruyter, vol. 62(1), pages 145-176, January.
    6. Kai-Uwe Müller & C. Katharina Spieß & Chrysanthi Tsiasioti & Katharina Wrohlich & Elisabeth Bügelmayer & Luke Haywood & Frauke Peter & Marko Ringmann & Sven Witzke, 2013. "Evaluationsmodul: Förderung und Wohlergehen von Kindern: Endbericht ; Studie im Auftrag der Geschäftsstelle für die Gesamtevaluation ehe- und familienbezogener Maßnahmen und Leistungen in Deutschland,," DIW Berlin: Politikberatung kompakt, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, volume 73, number pbk73.
    7. Ludger Wößmann, 2011. "Wettbewerb durch öffentliche Finanzierung von Schulen in freier Trägerschaft als wichtiger Ansatzpunkt zur Verbesserung des Schulsystems," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 64(01), pages 09-18, January.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Early Childhood Education; Preschool; Cognitive Skills; Non-Cognitive Skills; International Comparison; TIMSS; PISA;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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