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Hoja en blanco: hacia una nueva institucionalidad y régimen tributario para Chile

Author

Listed:
  • Claudio Agostini

    (Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Chile)

  • Pablo Correa

    (Horizontal, Chile)

  • Carla Maldonado

    (Jetti Resources, Chile)

  • Max Spiess

    (max.spiess@denk.cl)

Abstract
Regularmente, cada nuevo gobierno asume con una reforma tributaria como parte de su programa, lo cual muchas veces tensiona el desarrollo social y político del país. La repetida modificación de las reglas del juego introduce ruido en la economía, pues el vaivén legislativo genera una indeseable incerteza jurídica y económica que no favorece las decisiones de inversión y ahorro. A partir de un largo análisis tanto académico —considerando la teoría y la evidencia empírica existente— como aplicado —considerando las mejores prácticas internacionales—, este artículo propone repensar el sistema tributario como un todo y diseña las bases de un modelo completamente nuevo. Este nuevo sistema tributario, que busca entre otras cosas ser lo más neutral posible en términos de las distorsiones que genera un impuesto, junto a otras políticas públicas adecuadas, podría incentivar la inversión y contribuir a alcanzar condiciones de equidad y desarrollo social. El sistema que se propone se basa en un impuesto a la renta y otro al consumo, como pilares centrales. El impuesto a la renta trata por igual el capital y el trabajo, igualando sus tasas e integrando completamente los impuestos corporativos con los impuestos personales finales. En el impuesto al consumo se propone modificar tanto la tasa como la base sobre la cual se aplica, reduciendo la primera y ampliando la segunda a actividades hoy exentas. El sistema se complementa con una profunda revisión al modelo institucional tributario, incluyendo los aspectos jurisdiccionales del mismo, donde proponemos la creación de un organismo autónomo del poder ejecutivo y con rango constitucional. Finalmente, a partir de datos y estudios académicos disponibles, estimamos la recaudación tributaria de esta propuesta. Si bien estas estimaciones no son conclusivas y requieren de mayor análisis, predicen importantes holguras o superávits respecto de la recaudación actual.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudio Agostini & Pablo Correa & Carla Maldonado & Max Spiess, 2021. "Hoja en blanco: hacia una nueva institucionalidad y régimen tributario para Chile," Estudios Públicos, Centro de Estudios Públicos, vol. 0(161), pages 153-186.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpt:journl:v::y:2021:i:161:p:153-186
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    tax system; fiscal institutions; tax policy; income tax; con-sumption tax; régimen tributario; institucionalidad tributaria; política tributaria; impuesto a la renta; impuesto al consumo;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory

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