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Internationalized at work and localistic at home: The ‘split’ Europeanization behind Brexit

Author

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  • Riccardo Crescenzi
  • Marco Di Cataldo
  • Alessandra Faggian
Abstract
This paper looks at the results of the referendum on the United Kingdom membership to the European Union in order to test the link between the internationalization of the local economy and the openness of the local society as factors associated with the Leave vote (Brexit). The paper compares a number of alternative explanations put forward in the public debate after the referendum. The empirical analysis suggests that the outcome of the referendum can be linked to an increasing tension between the ever increasing internationalization of local firms and the ‘localistic’ attitude of their employees. Brexit can be seen as the result of a process of ‘split Europeanization’ whereby Euroscepticism is triggered by the increasing mismatch between internationalized economies (and corporate economic interests) and localistic societies (and workers’ attitudes and cultural preferences). Este artículo analiza los resultados del referéndum sobre la membresía del Reino Unido a la Unión Europea con el fin de poner a prueba el vínculo entre la internacionalización de la economía local y la apertura de la sociedad local como factores asociados con el voto a favor de Salir (Brexit). El artículo compara varias explicaciones alternativas presentadas en el debate público después del referéndum. El análisis empírico sugiere que el resultado del referéndum puede vincularse con una tensión creciente entre la internacionalización cada vez mayor de las empresas locales y la actitud ‘localista’ de sus empleados. Brexit se puede entender como el resultado de un proceso de ‘europeización dividida’ mediante el cual el euroescepticismo se desencadena a causa del creciente desajuste entre las economías internacionalizadas (con intereses económicos corporativos) y las sociedades localistas (con actitudes y preferencias culturales de los trabajadores). 本稿では、イギリスの欧州連合離脱の是非を問う国民投票の結果を検討し、地方経済の国際化と地方社会の開放性の関連が、離脱票[ブレグジッド(Brexit:イギリスのEU離脱)]につながる要因であったか否かを検証する。ここでは国民投票後の公開討論で提示された、投票結果に関する多数の仮説を比較する。実証分析から、国民投票の結果は、国際化傾向を続ける地方企業と「地方主義的志向(localistic attitude)」のその企業の従業員との緊張状態の悪化が関連していることが示唆される。国際化した経済(および企業の経済的利益)と地方主義的社会(および労働者の志向と文化的嗜好)のミスマッチの拡大により起きた欧州懐疑主義の観点からみると、ブレグジッドはヨーロッパ統合の分断のプロセスで起きた結果であるととらえることができる。

Suggested Citation

  • Riccardo Crescenzi & Marco Di Cataldo & Alessandra Faggian, 2018. "Internationalized at work and localistic at home: The ‘split’ Europeanization behind Brexit," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 97(1), pages 117-132, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:97:y:2018:i:1:p:117-132
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12350
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    Cited by:

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    2. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose & Lewis Dijkstra, 2021. "Does Cohesion Policy reduce EU discontent and Euroscepticism?," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(2), pages 354-369, February.
    3. Štefan Rehák & Oliver Rafaj & Tomáš Černěnko, 2021. "EU integration, regional development problems and the rise of the new radical right in Slovakia," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 303-321, April.
    4. Maria Abreu & Özge Öner, 2020. "Disentangling the Brexit vote: The role of economic, social and cultural contexts in explaining the UK’s EU referendum vote," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 52(7), pages 1434-1456, October.
    5. Riccardo Crescenzi & Marco Di Cotaldo & Mara Guia, 2019. "It’s not about the money! EU funds, local opportunities, and the Brexit vote," LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 149, European Institute, LSE.
    6. Julia Bachtrögler & Harald Oberhofer, 2018. "Euroscepticism and EU Cohesion Policy: The Impact of Micro-Level Policy Effectiveness on Voting Behavior," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp273, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
    7. Glückler Johannes & Wójcik Dariusz, 2023. "Seven Years of Brexit: Economic Geographies of Regional De- and Recoupling," ZFW – Advances in Economic Geography, De Gruyter, vol. 67(2-3), pages 67-75, August.
    8. Alessandra Faggian & Marco Modica & Félix Modrego & Giulia Urso, 2021. "One country, two populist parties: Voting patterns of the 2018 Italian elections and their determinants," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 397-413, April.
    9. Adolfo Maza & José Villaverde & María Hierro, 2019. "The 2017 Regional Election in Catalonia: an attempt to understand the pro-independence vote," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 36(1), pages 1-18, April.
    10. Dan He & Zhiqiong Zhang & Minglong Han & Yizhi Kang & Peng Gao, 2022. "Multi-dimensional boundary effects and regional economic integration: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 45(4), pages 472-498, July.
    11. Roberta Capello & Andrea Caragliu & Ugo Fratesi, 2018. "Breaking Down the Border: Physical, Institutional and Cultural Obstacles," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 94(5), pages 485-513, October.
    12. Simon Rudkin & Lucy Barros & Paweł Dłotko & Wanling Qiu, 2024. "An economic topology of the Brexit vote," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(3), pages 601-618, March.
    13. Mauro Caselli & Andrea Fracasso & Silvio Traverso, 2021. "Globalization, robotization, and electoral outcomes: Evidence from spatial regressions for Italy," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(1), pages 86-111, January.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • N44 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - Europe: 1913-
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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