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Multilevel‐statistical reformulation of citation‐based university rankings: The Leiden ranking 2011/2012

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  • Lutz Bornmann
  • Rüdiger Mutz
  • Hans‐Dieter Daniel
Abstract
Since the 1990s, with the heightened competition and the strong growth of the international higher education market, an increasing number of rankings have been created that measure the scientific performance of an institution based on data. The Leiden Ranking 2011/2012 (LR) was published early in 2012. Starting from Goldstein and Spiegelhalter's (1996) recommendations for conducting quantitative comparisons among institutions, in this study we undertook a reformulation of the LR by means of multilevel regression models. First, with our models we replicated the ranking results; second, the reanalysis of the LR data showed that only 5% of the PPtop10% total variation is attributable to differences between universities. Beyond that, about 80% of the variation between universities can be explained by differences among countries. If covariates are included in the model the differences among most of the universities become meaningless. Our findings have implications for conducting university rankings in general and for the LR in particular. For example, with Goldstein‐adjusted confidence intervals, it is possible to interpret the significance of differences among universities meaningfully: Rank differences among universities should be interpreted as meaningful only if their confidence intervals do not overlap.

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  • Lutz Bornmann & Rüdiger Mutz & Hans‐Dieter Daniel, 2013. "Multilevel‐statistical reformulation of citation‐based university rankings: The Leiden ranking 2011/2012," Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 64(8), pages 1649-1658, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jamist:v:64:y:2013:i:8:p:1649-1658
    DOI: 10.1002/asi.22857
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    Cited by:

    1. Lutz Bornmann & Wolfgang Glänzel, 2018. "Which differences can be expected when two universities in the Leiden Ranking are compared? Some benchmarks for institutional research evaluations," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 115(2), pages 1101-1105, May.
    2. Marcel Clermont & Alexander Dirksen & Barbara Scheidt & Dirk Tunger, 2017. "Citation metrics as an additional indicator for evaluating research performance? An analysis of their correlations and validity," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 10(2), pages 249-279, October.
    3. Abramo, Giovanni & D’Angelo, Ciriaco Andrea & Grilli, Leonardo, 2015. "Funnel plots for visualizing uncertainty in the research performance of institutions," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 954-961.
    4. Tausch, Arno, 2015. "Die Buchpublikationen der Nobelpreis-Ökonomen und die führenden Buchverlage der Disziplin. Eine bibliometrische Analyse [The book publications of the Nobel-Prize economists and the leading book pub," MPRA Paper 67224, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Daraio, Cinzia & Bonaccorsi, Andrea & Simar, Léopold, 2015. "Rankings and university performance: A conditional multidimensional approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 244(3), pages 918-930.
    6. Bonaccorsi, Andrea & Cicero, Tindaro, 2016. "Nondeterministic ranking of university departments," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 224-237.
    7. Nicolás Robinson-García & Daniel Torres-Salinas & Emilio Delgado López-Cózar & Francisco Herrera, 2014. "An insight into the importance of national university rankings in an international context: the case of the I-UGR rankings of Spanish universities," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 101(2), pages 1309-1324, November.
    8. Nicolás Robinson-García & Clara Calero-Medina, 2014. "What do university rankings by fields rank? Exploring discrepancies between the organizational structure of universities and bibliometric classifications," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 98(3), pages 1955-1970, March.
    9. Bornmann, Lutz & Leydesdorff, Loet & Wang, Jian, 2014. "How to improve the prediction based on citation impact percentiles for years shortly after the publication date?," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 175-180.
    10. Brigida Blasi & Sandra Romagnosi & Andrea Bonaccorsi, 2018. "Universities as celebrities? How the media select information from a large research assessment exercise," Science and Public Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 45(4), pages 503-514.
    11. Christopher Claassen, 2015. "Measuring university quality," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 104(3), pages 793-807, September.
    12. Lutz Bornmann & Rüdiger Mutz & Robin Haunschild & Felix Moya-Anegon & Mirko Almeida Madeira Clemente & Moritz Stefaner, 2021. "Mapping the impact of papers on various status groups in excellencemapping.net: a new release of the excellence mapping tool based on citation and reader scores," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 126(11), pages 9305-9331, November.
    13. Frenken, Koen & Heimeriks, Gaston J. & Hoekman, Jarno, 2017. "What drives university research performance? An analysis using the CWTS Leiden Ranking data," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 859-872.
    14. Esteban Fernández Tuesta & Máxima Bolaños-Pizarro & Daniel Pimentel Neves & Geziel Fernández & Justin Axel-Berg, 2020. "Complex networks for benchmarking in global universities rankings," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 125(1), pages 405-425, October.
    15. Bornmann, Lutz & Stefaner, Moritz & de Moya Anegón, Felix & Mutz, Rüdiger, 2014. "What is the effect of country-specific characteristics on the research performance of scientific institutions? Using multi-level statistical models to rank and map universities and research-focused in," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 8(3), pages 581-593.
    16. Hans-Dieter Daniel, 2019. "Lutz Bornmann: Recipient of the 2019 Derek John de Solla Price Medal," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 121(3), pages 1235-1238, December.
    17. Tausch, Arno, 2018. "The Market Power of Global Scientific Publishing Companies in the Age of Globalization. An Analysis Based on the OCLC Worldcat," MPRA Paper 87442, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Bornmann, Lutz & Stefaner, Moritz & de Moya Anegón, Felix & Mutz, Rüdiger, 2016. "Excellence networks in science: A Web-based application based on Bayesian multilevel logistic regression (BMLR) for the identification of institutions collaborating successfully," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 312-327.
    19. Heinz Ahn & Marcel Clermont & Julia Langner, 2022. "The impact of selected input and output factors on measuring research efficiency of university research fields: insights from a purpose-, field-, and method-specific perspective," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 92(8), pages 1303-1335, October.
    20. Lutz Bornmann & Rüdiger Mutz, 2015. "How well does a university perform in comparison with its peers? The use of odds, and odds ratios, for the comparison of institutional citation impact using the Leiden Rankings," Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 66(12), pages 2711-2713, December.
    21. Henk F. Moed & Gali Halevi, 2015. "Multidimensional assessment of scholarly research impact," Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 66(10), pages 1988-2002, October.

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