[go: up one dir, main page]
IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wsi/ijtafx/v21y2018i05ns0219024918500346.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Shortfall Risk Minimization Under Fixed Transaction Costs

Author

Listed:
  • NIV NAYMAN

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel)

Abstract
In this work, we deal with market frictions which are given by fixed transaction costs independent of the volume of the trade. The main question that we study is the minimization of shortfall risk in the Black–Scholes (BS) model under constraints on the initial capital. This problem does not have an analytical solution and so numerical schemes come into the picture. The Cox–Ross–Rubinstein (CRR) binomial models are an efficient tool for approximating the BS model. In this paper, we study in detail the CRR models with fixed transaction costs. In particular, we construct an augmented state-action space forming a Markov decision process (MDP) and provide a proof for the existence of optimal control/policy. We further suggest a dynamic programming algorithm for calculating the optimal hedging strategy and its corresponding shortfall risk. In the absence of transaction costs, there is an analytical solution in both CRR and BS models, and so we use them for testing our algorithm and its convergence. Moreover, we point out various insights provided by our numerical results, for example, regarding the change in the investor’s activity in the presence of friction.

Suggested Citation

  • Niv Nayman, 2018. "Shortfall Risk Minimization Under Fixed Transaction Costs," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 21(05), pages 1-29, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:ijtafx:v:21:y:2018:i:05:n:s0219024918500346
    DOI: 10.1142/S0219024918500346
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0219024918500346
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1142/S0219024918500346?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jouini Elyes & Kallal Hedi, 1995. "Martingales and Arbitrage in Securities Markets with Transaction Costs," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 66(1), pages 178-197, June.
    2. Luciano Campi & Walter Schachermayer, 2006. "A super-replication theorem in Kabanov’s model of transaction costs," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 10(4), pages 579-596, December.
    3. repec:dau:papers:123456789/5455 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Hans FÃllmer & Peter Leukert, 2000. "Efficient hedging: Cost versus shortfall risk," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 4(2), pages 117-146.
    5. repec:dau:papers:123456789/5630 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Paolo Guasoni, 2006. "No Arbitrage Under Transaction Costs, With Fractional Brownian Motion And Beyond," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 16(3), pages 569-582, July.
    7. Bawa, Vijay S. & Lindenberg, Eric B., 1977. "Abstract: Capital Market Equilibrium in a Mean-Lower Partial Moment Framework," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 12(4), pages 635-635, November.
    8. Elyégs Jouini & Hédi Kallal, 1995. "Arbitrage In Securities Markets With Short‐Sales Constraints," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(3), pages 197-232, July.
    9. Bawa, Vijay S., 1978. "Safety-First, Stochastic Dominance, and Optimal Portfolio Choice," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 13(2), pages 255-271, June.
    10. Fishburn, Peter C, 1977. "Mean-Risk Analysis with Risk Associated with Below-Target Returns," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(2), pages 116-126, March.
    11. Jakša Cvitanić & Ioannis Karatzas, 1996. "Hedging And Portfolio Optimization Under Transaction Costs: A Martingale Approach12," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 6(2), pages 133-165, April.
    12. (**), Christophe Stricker & (*), Miklós Rásonyi & Yuri Kabanov, 2002. "No-arbitrage criteria for financial markets with efficient friction," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 6(3), pages 371-382.
    13. Paolo Guasoni & Mikl'os R'asonyi & Walter Schachermayer, 2008. "Consistent price systems and face-lifting pricing under transaction costs," Papers 0803.4416, arXiv.org.
    14. Philippe Artzner & Freddy Delbaen & Jean‐Marc Eber & David Heath, 1999. "Coherent Measures of Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 203-228, July.
    15. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    16. Harlow, W. V. & Rao, Ramesh K. S., 1989. "Asset Pricing in a Generalized Mean-Lower Partial Moment Framework: Theory and Evidence," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(3), pages 285-311, September.
    17. Bawa, Vijay S. & Lindenberg, Eric B., 1977. "Capital market equilibrium in a mean-lower partial moment framework," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 189-200, November.
    18. repec:dau:papers:123456789/5647 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Cox, John C. & Ross, Stephen A. & Rubinstein, Mark, 1979. "Option pricing: A simplified approach," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 229-263, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Robert Jarrow & Feng Zhao, 2006. "Downside Loss Aversion and Portfolio Management," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 52(4), pages 558-566, April.
    2. Paolo Guasoni & Miklós Rásonyi & Walter Schachermayer, 2010. "The fundamental theorem of asset pricing for continuous processes under small transaction costs," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 157-191, March.
    3. Hildebrandt, Patrick & Knoke, Thomas, 2011. "Investment decisions under uncertainty--A methodological review on forest science studies," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, January.
    4. Peter Bank & Selim Gökay, 2016. "Superreplication when trading at market indifference prices," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 153-182, January.
    5. Zhangxin (Frank) Liu & Michael J. O'Neill, 2018. "Partial moment volatility indices," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 58(1), pages 195-215, March.
    6. Anthonisz, Sean A., 2012. "Asset pricing with partial-moments," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 2122-2135.
    7. Leitner Johannes, 2005. "Optimal portfolios with expected loss constraints and shortfall risk optimal martingale measures," Statistics & Risk Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 23(1/2005), pages 49-66, January.
    8. Bertsimas, Dimitris & Lauprete, Geoffrey J. & Samarov, Alexander, 2004. "Shortfall as a risk measure: properties, optimization and applications," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 28(7), pages 1353-1381, April.
    9. Fulga, Cristinca, 2016. "Portfolio optimization under loss aversion," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 251(1), pages 310-322.
    10. De Giorgi, Enrico & Hens, Thorsten & Mayer, Janos, 2011. "A note on reward-risk portfolio selection and two-fund separation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 52-58, June.
    11. Kallio, Markku & Ziemba, William T., 2007. "Using Tucker's theorem of the alternative to simplify, review and expand discrete arbitrage theory," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(8), pages 2281-2302, August.
    12. Basu, Anup K. & Drew, Michael E., 2010. "The appropriateness of default investment options in defined contribution plans: Australian evidence," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 290-305, June.
    13. Peter Bank & Selim Gokay, 2013. "Superreplication when trading at market indifference prices," Papers 1310.3113, arXiv.org.
    14. Houda Hafsa & Dorra Hmaied, 2012. "Are Downside Higher Order Co-Moments Priced? : Evidence From The French Market," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 6(1), pages 65-81.
    15. Ayub, Usman & Shah, Syed Zulfiqar Ali & Abbas, Qaisar, 2015. "Robust analysis for downside risk in portfolio management for a volatile stock market," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 86-96.
    16. Jouini, Elyes & Kallal, Hedi & Napp, Clotilde, 2001. "Arbitrage and viability in securities markets with fixed trading costs," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 197-221, April.
    17. Tamara Ajrapetova, 2018. "Cross-Section of Asset Returns: Emerging Markets and Market Integration," European Financial and Accounting Journal, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2018(1), pages 41-60.
    18. repec:dau:papers:123456789/5374 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Jouini, Elyes, 2001. "Arbitrage and control problems in finance: A presentation," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 167-183, April.
    20. Maria Arduca & Cosimo Munari, 2020. "Fundamental theorem of asset pricing with acceptable risk in markets with frictions," Papers 2012.08351, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2022.
    21. Czichowsky, Christoph & Schachermayer, Walter, 2017. "Portfolio optimisation beyond semimartingales: shadowprices and fractional Brownian motion," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 67689, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wsi:ijtafx:v:21:y:2018:i:05:n:s0219024918500346. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Tai Tone Lim (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.worldscinet.com/ijtaf/ijtaf.shtml .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.