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Shadow Economy - Is an Enterprise Survey a Preferable Approach?

Author

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  • Barry Reilly
  • Gorana Krstić
Abstract
The direct approaches to measuring the shadow economy have not been used extensively until very recently. A relatively simple method has been developed (Talis J. Putninš and Arnis Sauka 2015) using an income approach to measuring GDP and exploiting survey data on unreported employee wages and the business income generated by enterprises, which was provided by owners/managers of such enterprises. This paper illustrates the advantages of this approach over indirect ones through applying it to two EU candidate countries. This is first done by measuring the size of the shadow economy and then by providing estimates of the factors which cause enterprises to engage in shadow economic activity. Estimates of these factors suggest a number of policy approaches that could reduce the size of the shadow economy in countries similar to the ones we have used here. Key words: Shadow economy, Unreported income, Enterprises and entrepreneurs.JEL: E26, E25, E01. Siva ekonomija - da li je analiza preduzeća preferirajući pristup? Direktni pristupi za merenje sive ekonomije nisu se intenzivno koristili sve do nedavno. Razvijena je relativno jednostavna metoda (Talis J. Putninš i Arnis Sauka 2015) na bazi pristupa merenju GDP-a i korišćenjem podataka iz ankete o neprijavljenim platama zaposlenih i poslovnim prihodima koji stvaraju preduzeća, a koje su pružili vlasnici/menadžeri takvih preduzeća. Rad ilustruje prednosti ovog pristupa u odnosu na indirektne pristupe u dve zemlje koje su kandidati za članstvo u EU. Pristup podrazumeva merenje veličine sive ekonomije, a zatim pružanje procena faktora koji uzrokuju da se preduzeća uključe u sivu ekonomsku aktivnost. Procene ovih faktora sugerišu brojne političke pristupe koji bi mogli smanjiti veličinu sive ekonomije u zemljama sličnim onima koje smo u ovom radu koristili. Ključne reči: Siva ekonomija, neprijavljeni prihod, preduzeća i preduzetnici.

Suggested Citation

  • Barry Reilly & Gorana Krstić, 2019. "Shadow Economy - Is an Enterprise Survey a Preferable Approach?," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 66(5), pages 589-610.
    • Handle: RePEc:voj:journl:v:66:y:2019:i:5:p:589-610:id:429
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Schneider Friedrich, 2010. "The Influence of Public Institutions on the Shadow Economy: An Empirical Investigation for OECD Countries," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 6(3), pages 441-468, December.
    3. Putniņš, Tālis J. & Sauka, Arnis, 2015. "Measuring the shadow economy using company managers," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(2), pages 471-490.
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    8. Allingham, Michael G. & Sandmo, Agnar, 1972. "Income tax evasion: a theoretical analysis," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 1(3-4), pages 323-338, November.
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    10. Feige, Edgar L. & Urban, Ivica, 2008. "Measuring underground (unobserved, non-observed, unrecorded) economies in transition countries: Can we trust GDP?," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 287-306, June.
    11. Klarita Gërxhani, 2007. "“Did You Pay Your Taxes?” How (Not) to Conduct Tax Evasion Surveys in Transition Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 80(3), pages 555-581, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sanvi Avouyi-Dovi & Lorraine Chouteau & Lucas Devigne & Emmanuelle Politronacci, 2023. "Shadow Economy in France: What Factors Matter?," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 133(3), pages 453-494.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    shadow economy; unreported income; enterprises and entrepreneurs;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E26 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
    • E25 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
    • E01 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts

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