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Vermögenspreise, Zinseffekte und die Robustheit der öffentlichen Finanzen in Deutschland - eine Szenario-Analyse

Author

Listed:
  • Boysen-Hogrefe, Jens
  • Fiedler, Salomon
  • Gern, Klaus-Jürgen
  • Groll, Dominik
  • Jannsen, Nils
  • Kooths, Stefan
Abstract
Die äußerst günstigen Finanzierungskonditionen hatten in den 2010er Jahren einen wesentlichen Anteil daran, dass die Bruttostaatsschuldenquote in Deutschland nach der Weltfinanzkrise merklich zurückgeführt wurde. Die Autoren stellen fest, dass es jedoch keineswegs klar ist, wie lange die extreme Niedrigzinsphase andauert, was Fragen der Resilienz der Staatsfinanzen in der längeren Frist aufwirft. Die Folgen einer möglichen Zinswende für die öffentlichen Finanzen hängen maßgeblich von den Ursachen für die zurückliegende Niedrigzinsphase ab. Die in der Studie durchgeführte Szenarioanalyse konzentriert sich auf vier zyklische Einflussfaktoren auf das Zinsniveau: Geldpolitik- und Risikoprämienschock sowie Investitions- und Preisschock. Wird die Zinswende durch Faktoren verursacht, die auch eine höhere makroökonomische Dynamik induzieren, wirkt dies im öffentlichen Budget dem Anstieg der Zinslast entgegen. Die Zinswende stellt in solchen Fällen kein ernsthaftes Problem für die öffentlichen Haushalte dar. Wird die Zinswende durch Faktoren verursacht, die eine makroökonomische Abschwächung induzieren, ergibt sich ein deutlicher Anpassungsbedarf für die öffentlichen Haushalte. Dies wäre insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn die Geldpolitik der Europäischen Zentralbank derzeit 'zu expansiv' ausgerichtet ist. In einem solchen Szenario befände sich die deutsche Wirtschaft in einem monetären Boom, der bei einer Normalisierung der Zinsen wegfallen würde. Fluktuationen von Vermögenspreisen, die durch Zinsschwankungen hervorgerufen werden, dürften hingegen eine untergeordnete Rolle spielen, da das deutsche Steuer- und Transfersystem in dieser Hinsicht vergleichsweise wenig sensitiv ist. Ein wesentlicher Grund hierfür ist, dass sich Immobilienpreisschwankungen nur unwesentlich in Einnahmeveränderungen bei der Einkommensteuer übersetzen.

Suggested Citation

  • Boysen-Hogrefe, Jens & Fiedler, Salomon & Gern, Klaus-Jürgen & Groll, Dominik & Jannsen, Nils & Kooths, Stefan, 2021. "Vermögenspreise, Zinseffekte und die Robustheit der öffentlichen Finanzen in Deutschland - eine Szenario-Analyse," Kieler Beiträge zur Wirtschaftspolitik 36, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkbw:36
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