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Diversification and the banks' risk-return-characteristics: evidence from loan portfolios of German banks

Author

Listed:
  • Behr, Andreas
  • Kamp, Andreas
  • Memmel, Christoph
  • Pfingsten, Andreas
Abstract
Banks face a tradeoff between diversifying and focusing their loan portfolio. In this paper we carry out an empirical study for the German market to shed light on the question whether or not the benefits of risk sharing outweigh those of specialization. We use data from the Bundesbank's quarterly borrowers statistic to determine the degree of diversification in the banks' loan portfolios and combine this data with the banks' balance sheets and audit reports. The unique database comprises data from all German banks during the period from 1993 to 2003. Our main results can be summarized in three statements: i) Specialized banks have a slightly higher return than diversified banks. ii) Specialized banks have lower relative loan loss provisions and lower shares of non-performing loans, iii) However, the standard deviations of the loan loss provision ratio and the non-performing loan ratio are lower for diversified banks.

Suggested Citation

  • Behr, Andreas & Kamp, Andreas & Memmel, Christoph & Pfingsten, Andreas, 2007. "Diversification and the banks' risk-return-characteristics: evidence from loan portfolios of German banks," Discussion Paper Series 2: Banking and Financial Studies 2007,05, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:bubdp2:5576
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    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/19764/1/200705dkp_b_.pdf
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jahn, Nadya & Memmel, Christoph & Pfingsten, Andreas, 2013. "Banks' concentration versus diversification in the loan portfolio: New evidence from Germany," Discussion Papers 53/2013, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    2. Šeho, Mirzet & Shaiban, Mohammed Sharaf Mohsen & Ghafoor, Abdul, 2023. "Loan and financing diversification and bank stability in dual-banking systems," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    3. Tabak, Benjamin M. & Fazio, Dimas M. & Cajueiro, Daniel O., 2011. "The effects of loan portfolio concentration on Brazilian banks' return and risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 3065-3076, November.
    4. Jahn, Nadya & Kick, Thomas, 2012. "Early warning indicators for the German banking system: A macroprudential analysis," Discussion Papers 27/2012, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    5. Burietz, A. & Ureche-Rangau, L., 2020. "Better the devil you know: Home and sectoral biases in bank lending," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 69-85.
    6. Demeh Daradkah & Montaser Al-Sayyah, 2020. "The Effect of Financing and Non-Financing Income on Islamic Banks’ Risk: Evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council Countries," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(1), pages 180-192.
    7. Andrew C. Worthington, 2009. "Household Asset Portfolio Diversification: Evidence from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey," Discussion Papers in Finance finance:200908, Griffith University, Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics.
    8. Meslier, Céline & Tacneng, Ruth & Tarazi, Amine, 2014. "Is bank income diversification beneficial? Evidence from an emerging economy," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 97-126.
    9. Rossi, Stefania P.S. & Schwaiger, Markus S. & Winkler, Gerhard, 2009. "How loan portfolio diversification affects risk, efficiency and capitalization: A managerial behavior model for Austrian banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(12), pages 2218-2226, December.
    10. Memmel, Christoph & Gündüz, Yalin & Raupach, Peter, 2015. "The common drivers of default risk," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 16(C), pages 232-247.
    11. Goddard, John & McKillop, Donal & Wilson, John O.S., 2008. "The diversification and financial performance of US credit unions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1836-1849, September.
    12. Minzhi Wu & Emili Tortosa-Ausina, 2020. "Bank Diversification and Focus in Disruptive Times: China, 2007–2018," Working Papers 2020/21, Economics Department, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón (Spain).
    13. Sawada, Michiru, 2013. "How does the stock market value bank diversification? Empirical evidence from Japanese banks," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 40-61.
    14. Busch, Ramona & Kick, Thomas, 2009. "Income diversification in the German banking industry," Discussion Paper Series 2: Banking and Financial Studies 2009,09, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    15. Nadya Jahn & Christoph Memmel & Andreas Pfingsten, 2016. "Banks’ Specialization versus Diversification in the Loan Portfolio," Schmalenbach Business Review, Springer;Schmalenbach-Gesellschaft, vol. 17(1), pages 25-48, April.
    16. Odunayo Magret Olarewaju & Stephen Oseko Migiro & Mabutho Sibanda, 2017. "Operational Diversification and Financial Performance of Sub-Saharan Africa Commercial Banks: Static and Dynamic Approach," Acta Universitatis Danubius. OEconomica, Danubius University of Galati, issue 13(5), pages 84-106, OCTOBER.
    17. Kyle Moore & Chen Zhou, 2012. "Identifying systemically important financial institutions: size and other determinants," DNB Working Papers 347, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
    18. Teixeira, João C.A. & Matos, Tiago F.A. & da Costa, Gui L.P. & Fortuna, Mário J.A., 2020. "Investor protection, regulation and bank risk-taking behavior," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    19. Jonathan Mwau Mulwa, 2018. "Sectoral credit diversification, bank performance and monitoring effectiveness; a cross-country analysis of east African banking industries," Journal of Finance and Investment Analysis, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 7(2), pages 1-2.
    20. Gann, Philipp & Kretzschmar, Anne & Rudolph, Bernd, 2010. "Determinanten der Eigenkapitalrendite von Sparkassen," Discussion Papers in Business Administration 11786, University of Munich, Munich School of Management.
    21. Francis, Bill B. & Hasan, Iftekhar & Küllü, A. Melih & Zhou, Mingming, 2018. "Should banks diversify or focus? Know thyself: The role of abilities," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 106-118.
    22. Seungho Baek & Kwan Yong Lee & Jeong Wan Lee & Sunil Mohanty, 2018. "Diversification in Korean Banking Business: Is Non-interest Income a Financial Saviour?," Journal of Emerging Market Finance, Institute for Financial Management and Research, vol. 17(3_suppl), pages 299-326, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    bank lending; loan portfolio; portfolio theory; diversification; riskreturn analysis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • C43 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Index Numbers and Aggregation
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

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