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On the Existence and Characterization of Unequal Exchange in the Free Trade Equilibrium

Author

Listed:
  • Yoshihara, Naoki

    (Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst)

  • Kaneko, Soh

    (Faculty of Economics, Keio University)

Abstract
As in Roemer (1982, chapter 1), this paper considers a simple international trade model and examines the existence and characterization of free trade equilibria involving the unequal exchange of labor (UE). The paper provides an almost complete characterization of the domain of economies in which free trade equilibria withincomplete specialization exist. Moreover, the necessary and sufficient conditions for free trade equilibrium to involve UE is identified. It suggests that the emergence of free trade equilibria with UE cannot be entailed by the competitive mechanism of markets and unequal distribution of wealth alone, but might be understood as an outcome of equilibrium selection on the basis of Nash bargaining between rich and poor nations.

Suggested Citation

  • Yoshihara, Naoki & Kaneko, Soh, 2016. "On the Existence and Characterization of Unequal Exchange in the Free Trade Equilibrium," UMASS Amherst Economics Working Papers 2016-04, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Economics.
  • Handle: RePEc:ums:papers:2016-04
    as

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    File URL: http://www.umass.edu/economics/publications/2016-04.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yoshihara, Naoki, 2010. "Class and exploitation in general convex cone economies," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 75(2), pages 281-296, August.
    2. Roberto Veneziani, 2013. "Exploitation, inequality and power," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 25(4), pages 526-545, October.
    3. Kazuo Nishimura & Koji Shimomura, 2012. "Trade and Indeterminacy in a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model," Springer Books, in: John Stachurski & Alain Venditti & Makoto Yano (ed.), Nonlinear Dynamics in Equilibrium Models, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 347-361, Springer.
    4. Yoshihara, Naoki & 吉原, 直毅 & ヨシハラ, ナオキ & Veneziani, Roberto, 2009. "Exploitation as the Unequal Exchange of Labour : An Axiomatic Approach," Discussion Paper Series a524, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    5. Zhiqi Chen, 1992. "Long-Run Equilibria in a Dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin Model," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 25(4), pages 923-943, November.
    6. Roberto Veneziani & Naoki Yoshihara, 2015. "Exploitation in economies with heterogeneous preferences, skills and assets: An axiomatic approach," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 27(1), pages 8-33, January.
    7. Veneziani, Roberto & Yoshihara, Naoki, 2014. "One million miles to go: taking the axiomatic road to defining exploitation," UMASS Amherst Economics Working Papers 2014-10, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Economics.
    8. Eric W. Bond & Kazumichi Iwasa & Kazuo Nishimura, 2012. "The dynamic Heckscher–Ohlin model: A diagrammatic analysis," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 8(2), pages 197-211, June.
    9. Eric Bond & Kazumichi Iwasa & Kazuo Nishimura, 2011. "A dynamic two country Heckscher–Ohlin model with non-homothetic preferences," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 48(1), pages 171-204, September.
    10. Metcalfe, J S & Steedman, Ian, 1972. "Reswitching and Primary Input Use," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 82(325), pages 140-157, March.
    11. Burmeister, Edwin, 1978. "An interest rate and factor price equalization theorem with nontraded commodities," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 1-9, February.
    12. repec:ums:papers:2014-010 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Veneziani, Roberto, 2007. "Exploitation and time," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 132(1), pages 189-207, January.
    14. Naoki Yoshihara & Roberto Veneziani, 2009. "Exploitation as the Unequal Exchange of Labour: An Axiomatic Approach," Working Papers 655, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    15. Kazuo Nishimura & Koji Shimomura, 2006. "Indeterminacy in a dynamic two-country model," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 29(2), pages 307-324, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Yoshihara, Naoki & Veneziani, Roberto, 2023. "The general equilibrium effects of localised technological progress: A Classical approach," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    2. Soh Kaneko & Naoki Yoshihara, 2018. "On the General Impossibility of Persistent Unequal Exchange Free Trade Equilibria in the Pre-industrial World Economy," Working Papers SDES-2018-19, Kochi University of Technology, School of Economics and Management, revised Dec 2018.
    3. Cogliano, Jonathan F. & Kaneko, Soh & Veneziani, Roberto & Yoshihara, Naoki, 2020. "International Exploitation, Capital Export, and Unequal Exchange," Discussion Paper Series 718, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    4. Naoki Yoshihara, 2021. "On the labor theory of value as the basis for the analysis of economic inequality in the capitalist economy," Japanese Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(2-3), pages 190-212, July.
    5. Weikai Chen & Naoki Yoshihara, 2019. "Persistent Exploitation with Intertemporal Reproducible Solution in Pre-industrial Economies," UMASS Amherst Economics Working Papers 2019-10, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Economics.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Unequal exchange of labor; International division of labor; Subsistence international economies.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • D51 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Exchange and Production Economies

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