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Gender Pay Gap in Poland

Author

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  • Michal Grajek
Abstract
The gender pay gap under central planning and its changes in the course of transition have only lately attracted the attention of researchers. Only few papers focused on comparison between two economic regimes, pre and post reform, having reported narrowing gap for all East European countries. This paper adds more detailed study of timing of the gap changes to existing evidence. This in turn allows to identify which mechanisms of transition were responsible for these changes. It investigates the earnings gap between females and males in Poland over the years 1987-1996, i.e. in the last years of central planning and during the period of transition to market economy. The JMP decomposition, which accounts for changes in overall wage dispersion over time beyond Oaxaca's standard decomposition, is applied on large set of HBS data and reveals some interesting results. The year of giving away the power by the communists (1989) turned out to be far more important in terms of improving relative position of women than the actual year of launching the reform package (1990) and all the following years of transition. Females had gained substantially due to the structural shift in the very first years of the new economic system and the improvements have slowed down or even reversed in the next years, probably due to the "statistical" discrimination. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Die Verhandlungsmacht einer Koalition in parallelen Verhandlungen: Die Vorteile aus Unternehmenszusammenschlüssen regionaler Kabelbetreiber in den USA) Ausgehend von zwei unabhängigen bilateralen Monopolen, werden in diesem Beitrag die Auswirkungen von horizontalen Unternehmenszusammenschlüssen auf die Verhandlungsmacht einer Marktseite untersucht. Als Beispiel einer solchen Marktstruktur wird das Verhandlungsproblem zwischen US-amerikanischen Kabelbetreibern und lokalen Fernsehstationen in zwei von einander unabhängigen Märkten betrachtet. Es wird gezeigt, daß sich ein Zusammenschluß auf einer Marktseite lohnen kann, weil sich hierdurch die Verhandlungsmacht der integrierten Unternehmung erhöhen kann. Verhandelt ein horizontal integriertes Unternehmen in mehreren Märkten, so nimmt es in jedem einzelnen Markt die Verhandlungslösung der anderen Märkte als gegeben an. Würde die Verhandlung in einem Markt scheitern, bekäme das integrierte Unternehmen immer noch Zahlungen von den anderen Märkten. Falls dies das Unternehmen glaubwürdig höhere Forderungen stellen läßt, erhöht dies die Verhandlungsmacht des integrierten Unternehmens, was als fall-back position Effekt bezeichnet wird. Des weiteren zeigt der Artikel, daß das Aufteilen des Verhandlungsrisikos auf mehrere Personen deren Verhandlungsmacht erhöhen kann, was als risk-sharing Effekt bezeichnet wird. Aus verhandlungstheoretischer Sicht werden in diesem Artikel erstmalig die Präferenzen einer Koalition durch die Aggregation der Präferenzen ihrer Mitglieder hergeleitet.

Suggested Citation

  • Michal Grajek, 2001. "Gender Pay Gap in Poland," CIG Working Papers FS IV 01-13, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG).
    • Handle: RePEc:wzb:wzebiv:fsiv01-13
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Milan Vodopivec & Peter F. Orazem, 2000. "Male-female differences in labor market outcomes during the early transition to market: The cases of Estonia and Slovenia," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 13(2), pages 283-303.
    2. Elizabeth Brainerd, 2000. "Women in Transition: Changes in Gender Wage Differentials in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 54(1), pages 138-162, October.
    3. Oaxaca, Ronald, 1973. "Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 14(3), pages 693-709, October.
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    5. Jennifer Hunt, 2002. "The Transition in East Germany: When Is a Ten-Point Fall in the Gender Wage Gap Bad News?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 20(1), pages 148-169, January.
    6. Keane, Michael P. & Prasad, Eswar S., 2006. "Changes in the structure of earnings during the Polish transition," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(2), pages 389-427, August.
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Earnings Differentials; Discrimination; Gender; Decomposition; Transition Economy; Planned Economy; Poland;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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