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Gender Wage Gap in The Agricultural Labor Market of India: An Empirical Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • KUNDU, AMIT
  • DAS, SANGITA
Abstract
The gender wage gap in the agricultural labor market is observed in all the states of India. This paper will try to identify possible policies which can reduce this gender wise wage discrimination in agricultural labor market. We consider the period between 2010-11 to 2015-16 and 18 major states of India. The possible factors which can create an impact on gender wage gap are the expansion of MGNREGP, Self Help Group, primary education among rural women, expenditure on the social sector as a percentage of Net state domestic products and the cropping intensity. It initially assumes that Cropping Intensity of a state in a specific time is very much dependent on the net irrigated area of that state in that time. Our endogeneity test supports our claim. So, Instrumental variable method is applied in our Fixed Effect panel regression. The result shows that expansion of primary education among women, the number of self-help groups in the state and enhancement of cropping intensity through improving irrigation facility can play a significant role to reduce the male and female wage discrimination in the agricultural labor market in India. But participation of women in MGNREGP and social sector expenditure as a percentage of NSDP fails to create any impact on the gender wage gap.

Suggested Citation

  • Kundu, Amit & Das, Sangita, 2018. "Gender Wage Gap in The Agricultural Labor Market of India: An Empirical Analysis," MPRA Paper 95487, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 Feb 2019.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:95487
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kundu, Amit, 2013. "Effective public policy which can reduce gender discrimination in the agricultural labour market: A theoretical investigation," MPRA Paper 52852, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 05 Oct 2013.
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    3. Usami, Yoshifumi, 2011. "A Note on Recent Trends in Wage Rates in Rural India," Review of Agrarian Studies, Foundation for Agrarian Studies, vol. 1(1), July.
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    5. Azam, Mehtabul, 2012. "Changes in Wage Structure in Urban India, 1983–2004: A Quantile Regression Decomposition," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(6), pages 1135-1150.
    6. Acharya, Sarthi, 1989. "Agricultural Wages in India: A Disaggregated Analysis," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 44(2), April.
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    8. Amit Kundu & Sanjib Talukdar, 2016. "Influence of NREGS on Agricultural Wage Determination in West Bengal: A Dynamic Panel Approach," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 59(3), pages 381-396, September.
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Agricultural labor market; gender wage gap; Panel data; Instrumental variable;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C26 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J43 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Agricultural Labor Markets

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