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The Economics of Missionary Expansion: Evidence from Africa and Implications for Development

Author

Listed:
  • Remi Jedwab

    (Department of Economics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA)

  • Felix Meier zu Selhausen

    (Department of Economics, University of Sussex, Jubilee Building, Falmer, East Sussex, UK)

  • Alexander Moradi

    (Faculty of Economics and Management, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy)

Abstract
How did Christianity expand in sub-Saharan Africa to become the continent’s dominant religion? Using annual panel data on all Christian missions from 1751 to 1932 in Ghana, as well as cross-sectional data on missions for 43 sub-Saharan African countries in 1900 and 1924, we shed light on the spatial dynamics and determinants of this religious diffusion process. Missions expanded into healthier, safer, more accessible, and more developed areas, privileging these locations first. Results are confirmed for selected factors using various identification strategies. This pattern has implications for extensive literature using missions established during colonial times as a source of variation to study the longterm economic effects of religion, human capital and culture. Our results provide a less favourable account of the impact of Christian missions on modern African economic development. We also highlight the risks of omission and endogenous measurement error biases when using historical data and events for identification.

Suggested Citation

  • Remi Jedwab & Felix Meier zu Selhausen & Alexander Moradi, 2019. "The Economics of Missionary Expansion: Evidence from Africa and Implications for Development," Working Paper Series 1019, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School.
    • Handle: RePEc:sus:susewp:1019
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Economics of Religion; Religious Diffusion; Path Dependence; Economic Development; Compression of History; Measurement; Christianity; Africa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • N3 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy
    • N37 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Africa; Oceania
    • N95 - Economic History - - Regional and Urban History - - - Asia including Middle East
    • Z12 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Religion
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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