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New facts on consumer price rigidity in the euro area

Author

Listed:
  • Erwan Gautier

    (Banque de France)

  • Cristina Conflitti

    (Banca d’Italia)

  • Riemer P. Faber

    (National Bank of Belgium)

  • Brian Fabo

    (National Bank of Slovakia)

  • Ludmila Fadejeva

    (Latvijas Banka)

  • Valentin Jouvanceau

    (Lietuvos Bankas)

  • Jan-Oliver Menz

    (Deutsche Bundesbank)

  • Teresa Messner,

    (Oesterreichische Nationalbank)

  • Pavlos Petroulas

    (Bank of Greece)

  • Pau Roldan-Blanco

    (Banco de España)

  • Fabio Rumler

    (Oesterreichische Nationalbank)

  • Sergio Santoro

    (European Central Bank)

  • Elisabeth Wieland

    (Deutsche Bundesbank)

  • Hélène Zimmer

    (National Bank of Belgium)

Abstract
Using CPI micro data for 11 euro area countries covering about 60% of the euro area consumption basket over the period 2010-2019, we document new findings on consumer price rigidity in the euro area: (i) each month on average 12.3% of prices change, which compares with 19.3% in the United States; when we exclude price changes due to sales, however, the proportion of prices adjusted each month is 8.5% in the euro area versus 10% in the United States; (ii) differences in price rigidity are rather limited across euro area countries but much larger across sectors; (iii) the median price increase (resp. decrease) is 9.6% (13%) when including sales and 6.7% (8.7%) when excluding sales; cross-country heterogeneity is more pronounced for the size than for the frequency of price changes; (iv) the distribution of price changes is highly dispersed: 14% of price changes in absolute values are lower than 2% whereas 10% are above 20%; (v) the overall frequency of price changes does not change much with inflation and does not react much to aggregate shocks; (vi) changes in inflation are mostly driven by movements in the overall size; when decomposing the overall size, changes in the share of price increases among all changes matter more than movements in the size of price increases or the size of price decreases. These findings are consistent with the predictions of a menu cost model in a low inflation environment where idiosyncratic shocks are a more relevant driver of price adjustment than aggregate shocks.

Suggested Citation

  • Erwan Gautier & Cristina Conflitti & Riemer P. Faber & Brian Fabo & Ludmila Fadejeva & Valentin Jouvanceau & Jan-Oliver Menz & Teresa Messner, & Pavlos Petroulas & Pau Roldan-Blanco & Fabio Rumler & S, 2022. "New facts on consumer price rigidity in the euro area," Working Paper Research 408, National Bank of Belgium.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbb:reswpp:202206-408
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Menz, Jan-Oliver & Wieland, Elisabeth & Mehrhoff, Jens, 2022. "Estimating the impact of quality adjustment on consumer price inflation," Discussion Papers 49/2022, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    4. Teresa Messner & Fabio Rumler, 2023. "Inflation expectations of Austrian households and firms amid high inflation," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q4/22-Q1/, pages 55-66.
    5. Christophe Blot & Jérôme Creel & François Geerolf & Sandrine Levasseur, 2022. "Heterogeneity of inflation in the euro area: more complicated than it seems," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03970416, HAL.
    6. Raza, Hamid & Laurentjoye, Thibault & Randrup Byrialsen, Mikael & Valdecantos, Sebastián, 2023. "Inflation and the role of macroeconomic policies: A model for the case of Denmark," Nülan. Deposited Documents 4077, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Centro de Documentación.
    7. Raza, Hamid & Laurentjoye, Thibault & Byrialsen, Mikael Randrup & Valdecantos, Sebastian, 2023. "Inflation and the role of macroeconomic policies: A model for the case of Denmark," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 32-43.
    8. Kornilia Vikelidou & Athanasios Tagkalakis, 2022. "Banking union: state of play and proposals for the way forward," Working Papers 303, Bank of Greece.
    9. Thomas Y. Mathä & Moritz Osterhuber & Ladislav Wintr, 2022. "Consumer price behaviour in Luxembourg: New evidence from micro price data for 2005-2017," BCL Bulletin Analyses, Central Bank of Luxembourg, vol. 2022, pages 75-84.
    10. Christian Beer & Robert Ferstl & Bernhard Graf & Fabio Rumler, 2023. "Grocery price setting in times of high inflation: what webscraped data tell us," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q4/22-Q1/, pages 43-54.
    11. Consolo, Agostino & Koester, Gerrit & Nickel, Christiane & Porqueddu, Mario & Smets, Frank, 2021. "The need for an inflation buffer in the ECB’s price stability objective – the role of nominal rigidities and inflation differentials," Occasional Paper Series 279, European Central Bank.
    12. Aurélien Espic & Lisa Kerdelhué & Julien Matheron, 2024. "Capital Requirements in Light of Monetary Tightening," Working papers 947, Banque de France.
    13. Koester, Gerrit & Lis, Eliza & Nickel, Christiane & Osbat, Chiara & Smets, Frank, 2021. "Understanding low inflation in the euro area from 2013 to 2019: cyclical and structural drivers," Occasional Paper Series 280, European Central Bank.
    14. Raza, Hamid & Laurentjoye, Thibault & Randrup Byrialsen, Mikael & Valdecantos, Sebastián, 2023. "Resurgence of inflation: Assessing the role of macroeconomic policies," Nülan. Deposited Documents 4080, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Centro de Documentación.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    price rigidity; inflation; consumer prices; micro data.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D40 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - General
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

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