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The Americanization of European Higher Education and Research

Author

Listed:
  • Borghans, Lex

    (Maastricht University)

  • Cörvers, Frank

    (ROA, Maastricht University)

Abstract
Over the past two decades there has been a substantial increase in the mobility of students in Europe, while also research has become much more internationally oriented. In this paper we document changes in the structure of research and higher education in Europe and investigate potential explanations for the strong increase in its international orientation. While higher education started to grow substantially around 1960, only a few decades later, research and higher education transformed gradually to the American standard. Decreased communication costs are likely causes for this trend. This transformation is most clearly revealed in the change of language used in research from the national language, Latin, German and French to English. Smaller language areas made this transformation earlier while there are also clear timing differences between research fields. Sciences and medicine tend to switch to English first, followed by economics and social sciences, while for law and arts only the first signs of such a transformation are currently observed. This suggests that returns to scale and the transferability of research results are important influences in the decision to adopt the international standard.

Suggested Citation

  • Borghans, Lex & Cörvers, Frank, 2009. "The Americanization of European Higher Education and Research," IZA Discussion Papers 4445, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4445
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. DREZE, Jacques & ESTEVAN, Fernanda, 2006. "Research and higher education in economics: can we deliver the Lisbon objectives ?," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2006051, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
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    8. Tom Coupé, 2003. "Revealed Performances: Worldwide Rankings of Economists and Economics Departments, 1990-2000," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 1(6), pages 1309-1345, December.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Elena-Ivona DUMITRESCU, 2011. "Backesting Value-at-Risk: From DQ (Dynamic Quantile) to DB (Dynamic Binary) Tests," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 262, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    2. Manabu Asai & Michael McAleer & Marcelo C. Medeiros, 2012. "Asymmetry and Long Memory in Volatility Modeling," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 10(3), pages 495-512, June.
    3. Dixon, Keith, 2013. "Growth and dispersion of accounting research about New Zealand before and during a National Research Assessment Exercise: Five decades of academic journals bibliometrics," MPRA Paper 51100, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Elena-Ivona DUMITRESCU & Christophe HURLIN & Jaouad MADKOUR, 2011. "Testing Interval Forecasts: A New GMM-based Test," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 1549, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    5. Asai, Manabu & Caporin, Massimiliano & McAleer, Michael, 2015. "Forecasting Value-at-Risk using block structure multivariate stochastic volatility models," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 40-50.
    6. Ana Rute Cardoso & Paulo Guimarães & Klaus F. Zimmermann, 2010. "Trends in Economic Research: An International Perspective," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 63(4), pages 479-494, November.
    7. Elena‐Ivona Dumitrescu & Christophe Hurlin & Jaouad Madkour, 2013. "Testing Interval Forecasts: A GMM‐Based Approach," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(2), pages 97-110, March.
    8. Daniëlle Bertrand-Cloodt & Frank Cörvers & Hans Heijke, 2017. "Ability, Academic Climate, and Going Abroad for Work or Pursuing a PhD," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 63(1), pages 119-140.
    9. Thomas Bolli & Mehdi Farsi, 2015. "The dynamics of productivity in Swiss universities," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 44(1), pages 21-38, August.
    10. Manabu Asai, 2013. "Heterogeneous Asymmetric Dynamic Conditional Correlation Model with Stock Return and Range," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(5), pages 469-480, August.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Americanization; research; higher education;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • I23 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Higher Education; Research Institutions

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