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The Evolution of Inequality in Education Trajectories and Graduation Outcomes in the US

Author

Listed:
  • Belzil, Christian

    (Ecole Polytechnique, Paris)

  • Hansen, Jörgen

    (Concordia University)

  • Liu, Xingfei

    (University of Alberta)

Abstract
We model the joint distribution of (i) individual education trajectories, defined by the allocation of time (semesters) between various combinations of school enrollment with different labor supply modalities and periods of school interruption devoted either to employment or home production and (ii) actual graduation outcomes using two cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youths which we follow from 16 to 28. We discuss the evolution of family income and ability effects where the latter are decomposed into an academic (cognitive) and a practical (technical-mechanical) latent ability factor component correlated with family income and background variables. We find that the individual cognitive-technical ability differential prevailing at 16 was increasing with income in the early 80's but much less so in the early 2000's. We find no evidence of any income-based "trajectory inequality" in either cohort, after conditioning on abilities. Among all graduation and enrollment outcomes, college graduation is the only for which the effect of income has increased between the 1980's and the early 2000's but it reached a level no more important than the high school graduation income effect. In both cohorts, cognitive and technical abilities were the dominant factors but they affect most dimensions of individual trajectories and all graduation outcomes in opposite directions. However, the cognitive ability factor lost half of its effect on college graduation while the impact of the technical-mechanical factor has been more stable across cohorts.

Suggested Citation

  • Belzil, Christian & Hansen, Jörgen & Liu, Xingfei, 2022. "The Evolution of Inequality in Education Trajectories and Graduation Outcomes in the US," IZA Discussion Papers 15338, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15338
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christian Belzil & Jörgen Hansen & Julie Pernaudet, 2024. "Les déterminants cognitifs et non-cognitifs du choix de filière et leur impact sur la phase initiale du cycle professionnel," CIRANO Project Reports 2024rp-06, CIRANO.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    education; inequality; family income; multi-dimensional abilities; labor supply;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I2 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education
    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

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