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Closing the loop on platinum from catalytic converters: Contributions from material flow analysis and circularity indicators

Author

Listed:
  • Michael Saidani

    (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec, UC Davis - University of California [Davis] - UC - University of California)

  • Alissa Kendall

    (UC Davis - University of California [Davis] - UC - University of California)

  • Bernard Yannou

    (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec)

  • Yann Leroy

    (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec)

  • François Cluzel

    (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec)

Abstract
In this study, material flow analysis (MFA) is applied to quantify and break the obstacles for advancing a circular economy (CE) of platinum (Pt) from catalytic converters (CC) in Europe. First , the value chain and related stakeholders are mapped out in a MFA-like model to both facilitate the assessment of stocks and flows, and get a comprehensive view of potential action levers and resources to close-the-loop. Then, through the cross analysis of numerous data sources, two MFA are completed: (i) one general MFA, and (ii) one sector-specific MFA, drawing a distinction between the fate of Pt from (a) light-duty vehicles, under the ELV Directive 2000/EC/53, and (b) heavy-duty and off-road vehicles. Key findings reveal a leakage of around 15 tons of Pt outside the European market in 2017. Although approximately one quarter of the losses are due to in-use dissipation, 65 % are attributed to insufficient collections and unregulated exports. Comparing the environmental impact between primary and secondary production, it has been estimated that halving the leakages of Pt during usage and collection could prevent the energetic consumption of 1.3x10^3 TJ and the greenhouse gases emission of 2.5x10^2 kt CO2 eq. Through the lens of circularity indicators, activating appropriate action levers to enhance the CE performance of Pt in Europe is of the utmost importance in order to secure future productions of new generations of CC and fuel cells. Moreover, the growing stockpile of Pt from CC in use urges for better collection mechanisms. Also, the CC attrition during use and associated Pt emission s in the environment appears as non-negligible. Based on the scarce and dated publications in this regard, we encourage further research for a sound understanding of this phenomenon that can negatively impact human health.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Saidani & Alissa Kendall & Bernard Yannou & Yann Leroy & François Cluzel, 2019. "Closing the loop on platinum from catalytic converters: Contributions from material flow analysis and circularity indicators," Post-Print hal-02094798, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02094798
    DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12852
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-02094798
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Dominik Jasiński & James Meredith & Kerry Kirwan, 2021. "Sustainable development model for measuring and managing sustainability in the automotive sector," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(6), pages 1123-1137, November.
    2. Vítor Domingues Martinho & Paulo Reis Mourão, 2020. "Circular Economy and Economic Development in the European Union: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-25, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    catalytic converter; MFA; value chain; circularity indicators; Circular economy; platinum;
    All these keywords.

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