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Reform Complementarities and Economic Growth in the Middle East and North Africa

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  • Marie-Ange Véganzonès-Varoudakis

    (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne)

  • Mustapha Kamel Nabli
Abstract
In this paper we empirically analyse the linkages amongst economic reforms, human capital, physical infrastructure, and growth for a panel of 44 developing countries over 1970-1980 to 1999. For this purpose, we generate aggregated reform indicators using principal component analysis. We show that the growth performance of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has been disappointing because these economies have lagged behind in terms of economic reforms. However, our analysis also reveals that the growth dividend of some reforms has been small. This is the case when structural reforms are implemented in an unstable macroeconomic environment (which corresponds to the situation of the MENA countries in the 1980s), and when macroeconomic reforms are accompanied by a low level of structural reforms (as observed during the 1990s). Our result illustrates the complementarities between reforms as modelled by Mussa (1987) and Williamson (1994). Actually, after human capital and physical infrastructure, our analysis finds that macroeconomic and external stability are key variables for the reform process and for the growth prospects of the developing world. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • Marie-Ange Véganzonès-Varoudakis & Mustapha Kamel Nabli, 2007. "Reform Complementarities and Economic Growth in the Middle East and North Africa," Post-Print hal-00204797, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00204797
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    Cited by:

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    2. Tidiane Kinda & Patrick Plane & Marie‐Ange Véganzonès‐Varoudakis, 2011. "Firm Productivity And Investment Climate In Developing Countries: How Does Middle East And North Africa Manufacturing Perform?," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 49(4), pages 429-462, December.
    3. Rougier, Eric, 2016. "“Fire in Cairo”: Authoritarian–Redistributive Social Contracts, Structural Change, and the Arab Spring," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 148-171.
    4. Ahmet Faruk AYSAN & Mustapha Kamel NABLI & Marie‐Ange VÉGANZONÈS‐VAROUDAKIS, 2007. "Governance Institutions And Private Investment: An Application To The Middle East And North Africa," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 45(3), pages 339-377, September.
    5. Jane Harrigan, 2011. "The Political Economy of Aid Flows to North Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2011-072, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    6. Soliman, Ibrahim & Mashhour, Ahmed & Gaber, Mohamed, 2011. "A review of The National and International Agro‐Food Policies and Institutions in Egypt," MPRA Paper 66779, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 15 May 2011.
    7. Tidiane KINDA & Patrick PLANE & Marie-Ange VEGANZONES-VAROUDAKIS, 2008. "Firm-Level Productivity and Technical Efficiency in MENA Manufacturing Industry: The Role of the Investment Climate," Working Papers 200819, CERDI.
    8. Galego Aurora & Caetano José Manuel, 2012. "Institutional and Economic Determinants of FDI: A Comparison between the European Union and the MENA Region," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 1-23, August.
    9. Ahmet Aysan & Marie-Ange Véganzonès –Varoudakis & Zeynep Ersoy, 2007. "What Types of Perceived Governance Indicators Matter the Most for Private Investment in Middle East and North Africa," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 5(8), pages 1-16.
    10. Wood,Christina A. & Yang,Judy, 2016. "MENA export performance and specialization -- the role of financial sector development and governance," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7616, The World Bank.
    11. Syed Muhammad All-E-Raza Rizvi & Marie-Ange Véganzonès-Varoudakis, 2019. "Economic, social, and institutional determinants of domestic conflict in fragile States," Working Papers hal-02340977, HAL.
    12. Carlo Altomonte & Massimiliano Ferrara (ed.), 2014. "The Economic and Political Aftermath of the Arab Spring," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 15298.
    13. Brach, Juliane, 2008. "Constraints to Economic Development and Growth in the Middle East and North Africa," GIGA Working Papers 85, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
    14. Ibrahim Mohammed Adamu & Rajah Rasiah, 2016. "External Debt and Growth Dynamics in Nigeria," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 28(3), pages 291-303, September.
    15. Mustapha K. Nabli & Silva-Jauregui & Ahmet Faruk Aysan, 2008. "Authoritarianism, Credibility of Reforms, and Private Sector Development in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 443, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2008.
    16. Maria Giovanna Bosco & Roberto Mavilia, 2014. "Innovation performance of MENA countries: where do we stand?," Chapters, in: Carlo Altomonte & Massimiliano Ferrara (ed.), The Economic and Political Aftermath of the Arab Spring, chapter 7, pages 204-228, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    17. Mustapha Kamel Nabli, 2007. "Breaking the Barriers to Higher Economic Growth : Better Governance and Deeper Reforms in the Middle East and North Africa," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6914.
    18. Brach Juliane, 2010. "Technology, Political Economy, and Economic Development in the Middle East and North Africa," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 5(3), pages 1-23, February.
    19. Harrigan, Jane, 2011. "The Political Economy of Aid Flows to North Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series 072, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    20. Serranito, Francisco, 2013. "Heterogeneous technology and the technological catching-up hypothesis: Theory and assessment in the case of MENA countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 685-697.
    21. Murshed Syed Mansoob, 2008. "Development despite Modest Growth in the Middle East," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 4(3), pages 1-31, September.

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