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The S-curve: Understanding the Dynamics of Worldwide Financial Liberalization

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Abstract
Using a novel database of domestic financial reforms in 90 countries from 1973 to 2014, we document that global financial liberalization followed an S-curve path: reforms were slow and gradual in early periods, accelerated during the 1990s, and slowed down after 2000. We estimate a learning model that explains these dynamics. Policymakers updated their beliefs about the growth effects of financial reforms by learning from their own and other countries' experiences. Positive growth surprises in advanced economies helped accelerate belief updating worldwide, leading to the global wave of financial liberalization in the 1990s. The 2008 financial crisis, however, caused significant belief reversals.

Suggested Citation

  • Nan Li & Chris Papageorgiou & Tao Zha, 2021. "The S-curve: Understanding the Dynamics of Worldwide Financial Liberalization," FRB Atlanta Working Paper 2021-19, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedawp:92893
    DOI: 10.29338/wp2021-19
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    financial reforms; informational diffusion; cross-country learning; belief updating; S-curve evolution; political costs; economic growth; financial crisis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O50 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - General
    • C11 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Bayesian Analysis: General
    • C54 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Quantitative Policy Modeling

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