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Impacto social y económico del analfabetismo: modelo de análisis y estudio piloto

Author

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  • Fernández, Andrés
  • Martínez, Rodrigo
Abstract
Desde el año 1948, la adquisición de competencias básicas como la lectura y la escritura se considera como un derecho humano inalienable. Sin embargo, la persistencia y agravamiento del analfabetismo expresa una de las mayores deudas de la sociedad. La Declaración Mundial sobre Educación para Todos, Jomtien 1990, constituye uno de los acuerdos de mayor consenso en materia de educación. En esta Declaración se reafirmó el derecho de todas las personas a recibir una educación que satisfaga sus necesidades básicas de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida. En el Marco de Acción de Dakar (Senegal, 2000), la Comunidad Internacional nuevamente definió el analfabetismo como una de sus prioridades, con metas exigentes al 2015, las que se estima no podrán ser logradas en muchos países. El analfabetismo, además de limitar el pleno desarrollo de las personas y su participación en la sociedad, tiene repercusiones durante todo su ciclo vital, afectando el entorno familiar, restringiendo el acceso a los beneficios del desarrollo y obstaculizando el goce de otros derechos humanos. Los países y las organizaciones de la sociedad civil han hecho importantes esfuerzos para enfrentar el problema. Sin embargo, los resultados son insuficientes. En este marco, y asumiendo las recomendaciones del PRELAC, en 2008, la CEPAL y la Oficina Regional de Educación de la UNESCO para América Latina y el Caribe decidieron desarrollar un proyecto de investigación para abordar un nuevo ángulo de la problemática, incorporando un tratamiento intersectorial: los costos que tiene el analfabetismo para las personas y la sociedad. El propósito final es añadir a los argumentos éticos y políticos a favor de la alfabetización, los de carácter económico y social. Estos insumos pueden contribuir a reforzar las políticas de alfabetización involucrando a nuevos actores, como las instancias de Hacienda y Planificación, haciendo realidad el compromiso de todos con el cambio educativo. En el documento se revisa, en primer lugar, la evolución del concepto de, así como sus principales consecuencias a nivel personal, intergeneracional, social y económico, con objeto de establecer un marco de referencia comprehensivo que oriente el análisis. Posteriormente, se presenta la propuesta metodológica para la estimación de las brechas en el empleo y en los ingresos, ilustrada con tres casos piloto: Ecuador, República Dominicana y el Estado de Sao Paulo en Brasil. Finalmente se esbozan algunas conclusiones y desafíos sobre futuras líneas de trabajo.

Suggested Citation

  • Fernández, Andrés & Martínez, Rodrigo, 2010. "Impacto social y económico del analfabetismo: modelo de análisis y estudio piloto," Documentos de Proyectos 3747, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col022:3747
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