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Mobilités, vulnérabilité et capital social: une analyse en milieu rural sénégalais

Author

Listed:
  • Elisabeth Hyo-Chung Chung

    (UMR Développement et Société, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)

  • Charlotte Guénard

    (UMR Développement et Société, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, UMR DIAL, IRD)

Abstract
As part of the general problem of internal migration, the mobility of a rural population is studied through the mobilization of retrospective annual data at the departure of the Niakhar area, in the department of Fatick in Senegal, a groundnut basin area at 150 km east of Dakar characterized by a strong migratory tradition toward the rest of the representative sample of the region (500 “kitchens” or households) from a survey protocol that allows observing mobility at different scales. The residential ubiquity of Serer households is not a new demographic phenomenon in the study area. Following several studies that base their analyses on the decades 1960-2000, the most recent year being 2003, this research re-examines the current relevance of these mobility strategies in situations of vulnerability. It focuses in particular on the understanding of the relative importance of short or more longer term mobility during the year preceding the survey, on the characterization of the individuals in mobility situation over the year (“residents” temporarily absent from the study area) and on the description of the seasonal mobility. Finally, a research of the determinants of mobility based on individual characteristics, family structure, as well as indicators of kitchen’s food vulnerability and of social capital/network of individuals is conducted. _________________________________ S’inscrivant dans la problématique générale des migrations internes, la mobilité de populations rurales est étudiée à travers la mobilisation de données rétrospectives annuelles au départ de la zone de Niakhar, dans le département de Fatick au Sénégal, région du bassin arachidier situé à 150 km à l'est de Dakar, à forte tradition migratoire vers le reste du pays. Cette recherche s’appuie sur des données collectées entre janvier et avril 2010 en milieu rural sérère, auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de la région (500 « cuisines », ou ménages), à partir d’un protocole d’enquête d’observation des mobilités à différentes échelles temporelles. L’ubiquité résidentielle des ménages sérères n’est pas un phénomène démographique nouveau dans la zone étudiée. A la suite de plusieurs travaux qui fondent leurs analyses sur les décennies 1960-2000, l’année étudiée la plus récente étant 2003, on réinterroge la pertinence actuelle de ces stratégies de mobilité en tant que stratégies familiales face à des situations de vulnérabilité. On s’attache en particulier à appréhender l’importance relative des migrations de courte et de plus longue durée sur l’année précédant l’enquête, à caractériser les individus en situation de mobilité sur l’année (les « résidents » temporairement absents de la zone d’étude) et à décrire la saisonnalité récente des mobilités observées. Enfin, une recherche de déterminants de la mobilité fondée sur les caractéristiques des individus, de leur structure familiale, ainsi que sur des indicateurs de vulnérabilité alimentaire des cuisines et de capital/réseau social des individus est menée.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisabeth Hyo-Chung Chung & Charlotte Guénard, 2012. "Mobilités, vulnérabilité et capital social: une analyse en milieu rural sénégalais," Working Papers DT/2012/16, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    • Handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt201216
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Short mobility; household’s residential ubiquity; vulnerability; social capital/network; Mobilité courte; ubiquité résidentielle des ménages; Vulnérabilité; capital/réseau social.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • L14 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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