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One Kind of Democracy

Author

Listed:
  • Siwan Anderson
  • Patrick Francois
  • Ashok Kotwal
Abstract
This paper explores the performance of rural governance institutions (Gram Panchayats) in Maharashtra, India. The results of a detailed set of household and village surveys we conducted point to a stunningly robust and participatory democratic process: Elections are freely contested, fairly tallied, highly participatory, non-coerced and lead to political representation believed by voters to strongly reflect their will. However, poverty alleviation schemes (one of the main tasks of rural Gram Panchayats) are patchy and poorly implemented. Beneath this veneer of representative democracy we find evidence of deeply ingrained clientilist structures. These allow land-owning elites of a leading caste (Marathas) to maintain political power which they use to undermine poverty alleviating policies that would redistribute income away from them. We explore theoretically the means by which this caste is able to use its dominance of land-ownership and its traditional position of caste ascendency to achieve political control. The data also allows us to test, both directly and indirectly, differing hypotheses regarding the means by which cultural power (caste) and land ownership yield political power for the elite even in a highly representative, fair and participatory democratic setting.

Suggested Citation

  • Siwan Anderson & Patrick Francois & Ashok Kotwal, 2012. "One Kind of Democracy," The Centre for Market and Public Organisation 12/292, The Centre for Market and Public Organisation, University of Bristol, UK.
    • Handle: RePEc:bri:cmpowp:12/292
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    File URL: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cmpo/publications/papers/2012/wp292.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Political Economy; Leadership; Democratic Transitions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H41 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Public Goods

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