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Effects of the Quantitative Easing Policy: A Survey of Empirical Analyses

Author

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  • Hiroshi Ugai

    (Bank of Japan)

Abstract
This paper surveys the empirical analyses that examine the effects of the Bank of Japan (BOJ)'s quantitative easing policy (QEP), which was implemented from March 2001 through March 2006. The survey confirms a clear effect whereby the commitment to maintain the QEP fostered the expectations that the zero interest rate would continue into the future, thereby lowering the yield curve centering on the short- to medium-term range. There were also phases in which an increase in the current account balances (CABs) held by financial institutions at the BOJ bolstered this expectation. While the results were mixed as to whether expansion of the monetary base and altering the composition of the BOJ's balance sheet led to portfolio rebalancing, generally this effect, if any, was smaller than that stemming from the commitment. When viewing the QEP's impact on Japan's economy through various transmission channels, many of the analyses suggest that the QEP created an accommodative environment in terms of corporate financing. In particular, the QEP contained financial institutions' funding costs from the market and staved off financial institutions' funding uncertainties. The QEP's effect on raising aggregate demand and prices was often limited, due largely to the then progressing corporate balance sheet adjustment, as well as the zero bound constraint on interest rates.

Suggested Citation

  • Hiroshi Ugai, 2006. "Effects of the Quantitative Easing Policy: A Survey of Empirical Analyses," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 06-E-10, Bank of Japan.
    • Handle: RePEc:boj:bojwps:06-e-10
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    Cited by:

    1. Skrypnik, D., 2014. "The Spillover Effects of Quantitative Easing in the United States for Russian Economy. Macroeconometric Analysis," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, vol. 22(2), pages 74-101.
    2. Belke Ansgar, 2014. "Europäische Zentralbank: kontraproduktive unkonventionelle Geldpolitik und der Euro-Wechselkurs / European Central Bank: counter-productive unconventional monetary policy and the exchange rate," ORDO. Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, De Gruyter, vol. 65(1), pages 117-132, January.
    3. Bofinger, Peter & Franz, Wolfgang & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Weder di Mauro, Beatrice & Wiegard, Wolfgang, 2010. "Chancen für einen stabilen Aufschwung. Jahresgutachten 2010/11 [Chances for a stable upturn. Annual Report 2010/11]," Annual Economic Reports / Jahresgutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, volume 127, number 201011, February.
    4. Assenmacher-Wesche, Katrin & Gerlach, Stefan & Sekine, Toshitaka, 2008. "Monetary factors and inflation in Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 343-363, September.
    5. Jan Willem End & Christiaan Pattipeilohy, 2017. "Central Bank Balance Sheet Policies and Inflation Expectations," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 499-522, July.
    6. Shinsuke Ohyama & Takuya Sugimoto, 2007. "The determinants of credit spread changes in Japan," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 07-E-4, Bank of Japan.
    7. S. Korablin & S. Shumska, 2018. "Structural vulnerability and financial instability in Ukraine: global context," Economy and Forecasting, Valeriy Heyets, issue 4, pages 7-37.
    8. Hirokuni Iiboshi & Mototsugu Shintani & Kozo Ueda, 2022. "Estimating a Nonlinear New Keynesian Model with the Zero Lower Bound for Japan," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(6), pages 1637-1671, September.
    9. Andreea-Emanuela Drăgoi & Ana-Cristina Bâlgăr, 2016. "Quantitative Easing Limits. Evidence From Japan," Romanian Economic Business Review, Romanian-American University, vol. 11(4), pages 60-70, december.
    10. Kunihiro Hanabusa, 2012. "The effect of Bank of Japan's commitment and the expectation form," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(6), pages 445-460, March.
    11. Claudio Borio & Anna Zabai, 2018. "Unconventional monetary policies: a re-appraisal," Chapters, in: Peter Conti-Brown & Rosa M. Lastra (ed.), Research Handbook on Central Banking, chapter 20, pages 398-444, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    12. Mr. Andre Meier, 2009. "Panacea, Curse, or Nonevent? Unconventional Monetary Policy in the United Kingdom," IMF Working Papers 2009/163, International Monetary Fund.
    13. Stefan Behrendt, 2013. "Monetary Transmission via the Central Bank Balance Sheet," Global Financial Markets Working Paper Series 49-2013, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
    14. Sayuri Shirai, 2014. "Japan’s monetary policy in a challenging environment," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 4(1), pages 3-24, June.
    15. Azar HASANLI, 2016. "A New Era of Monetary Policymaking in the Light of the Post-Crisis Challenges," Turkish Economic Review, KSP Journals, vol. 3(3), pages 473-494, September.
    16. Kunihiro Hanabusa, 2010. "The effects of zero interest rate commitment in Japan," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(13), pages 1273-1277.
    17. Christiaan Pattipeilohy, 2016. "A comparative analysis of developments in central bank balance sheet composition," DNB Working Papers 510, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
    18. Kiyutsevskaya, Anna (Киюцевская, Анна) & Trunin, Pavel (Трунин, Павел), 2018. "Features of Interest Rate Policy Under the Inflation Targeting Regime [Особенности Процентной Политики При Режиме Таргетирования Инфляции]," Working Papers 031812, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
    19. Fructuoso Borrallo Egea & Pedro del Río López, 2021. "Monetary policy strategy and inflation in Japan," Occasional Papers 2116, Banco de España.
    20. Lyonnet, Victor & Werner, Richard, 2012. "Lessons from the Bank of England on ‘quantitative easing’ and other ‘unconventional’ monetary policies," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 94-105.
    21. Hanabusa, Kunihiro, 2017. "Japan’s quantitative monetary easing policy: Effect on the level and volatility of yield spreads," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 56-66.
    22. Chun-Hung Kuo & Hiroaki Miyamoto, 2016. "Quantitative Easing and the Labor Market in Japan," Working Papers EMS_2016_02, Research Institute, International University of Japan.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Zero interest rate policy; quantitative easing policy; commitment; zero bound constraint on interest rates; deflation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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