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Liquidity costs and tiering in large-value payment systems

Author

Listed:
  • Adams, Mark

    (Bank of England)

  • Galbiati, Marco

    (Bank of England)

  • Giansante, Simone

    (CCFEA, University of Essex)

Abstract
This paper develops and simulates a model of the emergence of networks in an interbank, RTGS payment system. A number of banks, faced with random streams of payment orders, choose whether to link directly to the payment system, or to use a correspondent bank. Settling payments directly on the system imposes liquidity costs which depend on the maximum liquidity overdraft incurred during the day. On the other hand, using a correspondent entails paying a flat fee, charged by the correspondent to recoup liquidity costs and to extract a profit. We specify a protocol whereby one bank in each period can revisit its choice whether to link directly to the system, or to become clients of other banks, thus generating a dynamic client-correspondent network. We simulate this protocol, observing the emergence of different network structures. The liquidity pricing regime chosen by a central bank is found to affect the tiering process and the network structures it produces. A calibration exercise on data from the UK CHAPS system suggests that the model is able to generate realistic predictions, ie a network topology similar to that observed in reality, driven solely by the underlying pattern of payments and the structure of liquidity costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Adams, Mark & Galbiati, Marco & Giansante, Simone, 2010. "Liquidity costs and tiering in large-value payment systems," Bank of England working papers 399, Bank of England.
    • Handle: RePEc:boe:boeewp:0399
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hajime Inaoka & Takuto Ninomiya & Ken Taniguchi & Tokiko Shimizu & Hideki Takayasu, 2004. "Fractal Network derived from banking transaction -- An analysis of network structures formed by financial institutions --," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 04-E-4, Bank of Japan.
    2. Soramäki, Kimmo & Bech, Morten L. & Arnold, Jeffrey & Glass, Robert J. & Beyeler, Walter E., 2007. "The topology of interbank payment flows," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 379(1), pages 317-333.
    3. Becher, Christopher & Millard, Stephen & SoramÃÂäki, Kimmo, 2008. "The network topology of CHAPS Sterling," Bank of England working papers 355, Bank of England.
    4. Alexandra Lai & Nikil Chande & Sean O'Connor, 2006. "Credit in a Tiered Payments System," Staff Working Papers 06-36, Bank of Canada.
    5. Ágnes Lublóy, 2006. "Topology of the Hungarian large-value transfer system," MNB Occasional Papers 2006/57, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary).
    6. James Chapman & Jonathan Chiu & Miguel Molico, 2013. "A Model of Tiered Settlement Networks," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 45(2‐3), pages 327-347, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Biliana Alexandrova‐Kabadjova, 2016. "Currents of Liquidity Flows Created by the Different Type of Payments: the Case of SPEI," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(1-2), pages 65-84, January.
    2. Jan Paulick & Ron Berndsen & Martin Diehl & Ronald Heijmans, 2024. "No more tears without tiers? The impact of indirect settlement on liquidity use in TARGET2," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 51(2), pages 425-458, May.
    3. Bougheas, Spiros, 2022. "Contagion in networks: Stability and efficiency," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 64-77.
    4. Benos, Evangelos & Ferrara, Gerardo & Gurrola-Perez, Pedro, 2017. "The impact of de-tiering in the United Kingdom’s large-value payment system," Bank of England working papers 676, Bank of England.
    5. Spiros Bougheas & Alan Kirman, 2015. "Complex Financial Networks and Systemic Risk: A Review," Dynamic Modeling and Econometrics in Economics and Finance, in: Pasquale Commendatore & Saime Kayam & Ingrid Kubin (ed.), Complexity and Geographical Economics, edition 127, pages 115-139, Springer.
    6. Bernardo Bravo-Benitez & Biliana Alexandrova-Kabadjova & Serafin Martinez-Jaramillo, 2016. "Centrality Measurement of the Mexican Large Value Payments System from the Perspective of Multiplex Networks," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 47(1), pages 19-47, January.
    7. Robert Arculus & Jennifer Hancock & Greg Moran, 2012. "The Impact of Payment System Design on Tiering Incentives," RBA Research Discussion Papers rdp2012-06, Reserve Bank of Australia.
    8. Carlos A. Arango & Freddy H. Cepeda, 2016. "Non-monotonic Tradeoffs of Tiering in a Large Value Payment System," Borradores de Economia 946, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Tiering; liquidity cost; large-value payment system; RTGS; network formation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C70 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - General
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General

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