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The Marginal Propensity to Consume in Heterogeneous Agent Models

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  • Kaplan, Greg
  • Violante, Giovanni
Abstract
What model features and calibration strategies yield a large average marginal propensity to consume (MPC) in heterogeneous agent models? Through a systematic investigation of models with different preferences, dimensions of ex-ante heterogeneity, income processes and asset structure, we show that the most important factor is the share and type of hand-to-mouth households. One-asset models either feature a trade-off between a high average MPC and a realistic level of aggregate wealth, or generate an excessively polarized wealth distribution that vastly understates the wealth held by households in the middle of the distribution. Two-asset models that include both liquid and illiquid assets can resolve this tension with a large enough gap between liquid and illiquid returns. We discuss how such return differential can be justified from the perspective of theory and data.

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  • Kaplan, Greg & Violante, Giovanni, 2022. "The Marginal Propensity to Consume in Heterogeneous Agent Models," CEPR Discussion Papers 17271, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:17271
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    6. Savoia, Ettore, 2023. "The effects of labor income risk heterogeneity on the marginal propensity to consume," Working Paper Series 2866, European Central Bank.
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    8. Dmitriy Sergeyev & Chen Lian & Yuriy Gorodnichenko, 2023. "The Economics of Financial Stress," NBER Working Papers 31285, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    10. Yugang He, 2023. "Unraveling the COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on South Korea’s Macroeconomy: Unearthing Novel Transmission Channels within the Energy Sector and Production Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-10, April.
    11. Jeanne Commault, 2024. "Heterogeneity in MPC Beyond Liquidity Constraints: The Role of Permanent Earnings," Working Papers hal-03870685, HAL.
    12. Nikeel Nishkar Kumar & Arvind Patel & Navneel Shalendra Prasad & Shayal Nandani, 2023. "Loss aversion or hand-to-mouth behaviour in private consumption models," New Zealand Economic Papers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(3), pages 247-259, September.
    13. Francesco Corsello & Marianna Riggi, 2023. "Inflation is not equal for all: the heterogenous effects of energy shocks," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1429, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    14. Bence Bardóczy & Mateo Velásquez-Giraldo, 2024. "HANK Comes of Age," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2024-052, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    15. Romain Duval & Davide Furceri & Raphaël Lee & Marina M. Tavares, 2024. "Market power and monetary policy transmission," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 91(362), pages 669-700, April.
    16. Pieroni, Valerio, 2023. "Energy shortages and aggregate demand: Output loss and unequal burden from HANK," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    17. Yunho Cho & James Morley & Aarti Singh, 2024. "Did marginal propensities to consume change with the housing boom and bust?," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(1), pages 174-199, January.
    18. Peter Ganong & Fiona Greig & Pascal Noel & Daniel M. Sullivan & Joseph Vavra, 2024. "Spending and Job-Finding Impacts of Expanded Unemployment Benefits: Evidence from Administrative Micro Data," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 114(9), pages 2898-2939, September.
    19. Felipe Alves & Giovanni L. Violante, 2024. "From Micro to Macro Hysteresis: Long-Run Effects of Monetary Policy," Staff Working Papers 24-39, Bank of Canada.
    20. Kozo UEDA, 2023. "Marginal Propensity to Consume to Two-Time Income Shocks," CIGS Working Paper Series 23-008E, The Canon Institute for Global Studies.
    21. J r my Boccanfuso, 2022. "Consumption Response Heterogeneity and Dynamics with an Inattention Region," Working Papers wp1172, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    22. Tao Wang, 2023. "Perceived versus Calibrated Income Risks in Heterogeneous-Agent Consumption Models," Staff Working Papers 23-59, Bank of Canada.
    23. Bertrand Garbinti & Pierre Lamarche & Fredérique Savignac, 2024. "Wealth Heterogeneity and the Marginal Propensity to Consume out of Wealth," Working Papers 2022-02, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    24. Yunho Cho & Shuyun May Li & Lawrence Uren, 2024. "Investment Housing Tax Concessions And Welfare: A Quantitative Study For Australia," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 65(2), pages 781-816, May.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Borrowing constraints; Consumption; Hand-to-mouth; Heterogeneity; Income risk; Liquidity; Marginal propensity to consume; Market incompleteness; Precautionary saving; Wealth distribution;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D15 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Intertemporal Household Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D52 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Incomplete Markets
    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • E71 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on the Macro Economy
    • G51 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Household Savings, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth

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