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Identifying Ideology: Experimental Evidence on Anti-Americanism in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Callen, Michael
  • Bursztyn, Leonardo
  • Ferman, Bruno
  • Gulzar, Saad
  • Hasanain, Ali
  • Yuchtman, Noam
Abstract
Identifying the role of intrinsic, ideological motivation in political behavior is confounded by agents' consequential aims and social concerns. We present results from two experiments that implement a methodology isolating Pakistani men's intrinsic motives for expressing anti-American ideology, in a context with clearly-specified financial costs, but minimal consequential or social considerations. Over one-quarter of subjects forgo around one-fifth of a day's wage to avoid anonymously checking a box indicating gratitude toward the U.S. government, thus revealing anti-Americanism. We find that ideological expression responds to financial and social incentives, and that measured ideology predicts membership in a major anti-American political party.

Suggested Citation

  • Callen, Michael & Bursztyn, Leonardo & Ferman, Bruno & Gulzar, Saad & Hasanain, Ali & Yuchtman, Noam, 2016. "Identifying Ideology: Experimental Evidence on Anti-Americanism in Pakistan," CEPR Discussion Papers 11106, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11106
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    Cited by:

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    2. Štěpán Jurajda & Dejan Kovač, 2021. "Names and behavior in a war," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 34(1), pages 1-33, January.
    3. Elias, Julio & Lacetera, Nicola & Macis, Mario, 2016. "Efficiency-Morality Trade-Offs in Repugnant Transactions: A Choice Experiment," IZA Discussion Papers 10187, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Ruixue Jia & Torsten Persson, 2019. "Individual vs. Social Motives in Identity Choice: Theory and Evidence from China," NBER Working Papers 26008, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Florian Hett & Markus Kröll & Mario Mechtel, 2019. "Choosing Who You Are: The Structure and Behavioral Effects of Revealed Identification Preferences," Working Papers 1903, Gutenberg School of Management and Economics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
    6. Lennon, Conor & Teltser, Keith F. & Fernandez, Jose & Gohmann, Stephan, 2023. "How morality and efficiency shape public support for minimum wages," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 618-637.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Ideology; Political participation; political expression; revealed preference measurement;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C90 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - General
    • D03 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State

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