[go: up one dir, main page]
IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/h/cpt/chapte/2.html
   My bibliography  Save this book chapter

La tensión entre individualismo y desigualdad en el Chile actual

In: ¿Malestar en Chile? Informe Encuesta CEP 2016

Author

Listed:
  • Ricardo González

    (Centro de Estudios Públicos, Santiago)

  • Bernardo Mackenna

    (Instituo de Sociología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile)

  • Estéfano Rubio

    (Centro de Estudios Públicos, Santiago)

Abstract
Este capítulo trata sobre la desigualdad de ingresos que ha caído desde 1990. Apenas un 15 por ciento de los chilenos afirmaba en 2014 que había disminuido. Es más, la mayoría de los chilenos también percibe que el acceso a servicios de calidad es muy inequitativo. Ambas dimensiones de la desigualdad, ¿constituyen una crítica al modelo de soluciones privadas a los problemas públicos, vigente en Chile? Para responder la pregunta, este capítulo indaga en tres características claves de la sociedad chilena: (i) tener una disposición a aceptar diferencias de ingreso si ellas reflejan un premio al esfuerzo, (ii) otorgar un mayor rol por el sustento económico a las personas mismas —en desmedro del Estado—, y (iii) en creer que el esfuerzo —y no las circunstancias— es el principal determinante para progresar en la vida. En suma, las preferencias y creencias de los chilenos tienden a ser individualistas. Ya en 1990 se observaban las mismas actitudes individualistas de hoy, cuando la mayoría de los encuestados eran personas de generaciones previas a la irrupción de la dictadura. Si los valores y creencias de los individuos se forman durante el período de socialización y se estabilizan en la adultez temprana, entonces el predominio de la creencia del esfuerzo de 1990 no podría estar asociado a los cambios al modelo ocurridos desde 1973. Entonces, ¿existe un malestar con el actual modelo de soluciones privadas a problemas públicos? Los hallazgos de este capítulo sugieren que, pese a que se percibe que el acceso a servicios de calidad no es equitativo, no se observa una mayor inclinación por la igualdad de ingresos y a otorgarle más responsabilidad al Estado por el sustento económico de las personas, lo cual evidencia el fuerte carácter individualista de los chilenos. Más bien, el acceso desigual y la insatisfacción asociada a algunos servicios, estatales y privados, reflejan problemas específicos asociados a las diferentes prestaciones, que demandan una solución particular según cada caso. Igualmente, los resultados indican que el apoyo de los chilenos al financiamiento estatal de los servicios, en desmedro del actual escenario en el que su acceso está mediado por la capacidad de pago, es a lo sumo ambiguo. Entre la población conviven deseos por un mejor acceso a bienes y servicios, con creencias de raigambre individualista, que ponen los logros personales por sobre la redistribución estatal. Creemos que esta tensión requiere de especial atención por parte de los analistas y el público en general, en la medida en que en ella descansan los fundamentos de políticas públicas que respondan a los verdaderos intereses de la ciudadanía.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo González & Bernardo Mackenna & Estéfano Rubio, 2017. "La tensión entre individualismo y desigualdad en el Chile actual," Informes de Encuesta CEP, in: ¿Malestar en Chile? Informe Encuesta CEP 2016, edition 1, chapter 2, pages 79-107, Centro de Estudios Públicos.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpt:chapte:2
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.cepchile.cl/cep/site/artic/20170627/asocfile/20170627093424/informe_encuesta_cep2016_malestar_en_chile_1.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.cepchile.cl/malestar-en-chile-informe-encuesta-cep-2016/cep/2017-06-27/093424.html
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Harald Beyer, 2015. "Diagnósticos alternativos sobre la crisis de confianza," Estudios Públicos, Centro de Estudios Públicos, vol. 0(140), pages 107-136.
    2. Scott R. Baker & Nicholas Bloom & Steven J. Davis, 2016. "Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 131(4), pages 1593-1636.
    3. Brady, Henry E. & Verba, Sidney & Schlozman, Kay Lehman, 1995. "Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 89(2), pages 271-294, June.
    4. Calvo, Esteban & Beytía, Pablo, 2011. "¿Cómo medir la felicidad? [How to measure happiness?]," MPRA Paper 48967, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jung-In Jo & Hyun Jin Choi, 2019. "Enigmas of grievances about inequality: Effects of attitudes toward inequality and government redistribution on protest participation," International Area Studies Review, Center for International Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, vol. 22(4), pages 348-368, December.
    2. Croce, M.M. & Nguyen, Thien T. & Raymond, S. & Schmid, L., 2019. "Government debt and the returns to innovation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(3), pages 205-225.
    3. Nikolay Hristov & Markus Roth, 2019. "Uncertainty Shocks and Financial Crisis Indicators," CESifo Working Paper Series 7839, CESifo.
    4. Deshuai Hou & Luhan Shi & Hong He & Jian Xiong, 2023. "Research on the Deviation of Corporate Green Behaviour under Economic Policy Uncertainty Based on the Perspective of Green Technology Innovation in Chinese Listed Companies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-27, May.
    5. Jansesberger, Viktoria, 2024. "Storms, floods, landslides and elections in India's growing metropolises: Hotbeds for political protest?," Working Papers 28, University of Konstanz, Cluster of Excellence "The Politics of Inequality. Perceptions, Participation and Policies".
    6. Manfred M. Fischer & Florian Huber & Michael Pfarrhofer, 2018. "The transmission of uncertainty shocks on income inequality: State-level evidence from the United States," Papers 1806.08278, arXiv.org.
    7. Idriss Fontaine, 2021. "Uncertainty and Labour Force Participation," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 83(2), pages 437-471, April.
    8. Haddou, Samira, 2024. "Determinants of CDS in core and peripheral European countries: A comparative study during crisis and calm periods," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    9. Kučerová, Zuzana & Pakši, Daniel & Koňařík, Vojtěch, 2024. "Macroeconomic fundamentals and attention: What drives european consumers’ inflation expectations?," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 48(1).
    10. Müller, Karsten, 2020. "German forecasters' narratives: How informative are German business cycle forecast reports?," Working Papers 23, German Research Foundation's Priority Programme 1859 "Experience and Expectation. Historical Foundations of Economic Behaviour", Humboldt University Berlin.
    11. Salzmann, Leonard, 2020. "The Impact of Uncertainty and Financial Shocks in Recessions and Booms," VfS Annual Conference 2020 (Virtual Conference): Gender Economics 224588, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    12. Yingce Yang & Junjie Guo & Ruihong He, 2023. "The Asymmetric Impact of the Oil Price and Disaggregate Shocks on Economic Policy Uncertainty: Evidence From China," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440231, June.
    13. Chan, Yue-Cheong & Saffar, Walid & Wei, K.C. John, 2021. "How economic policy uncertainty affects the cost of raising equity capital: Evidence from seasoned equity offerings," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    14. Wang, Yubao & Huang, Xiaozhou & Huang, Zhendong, 2024. "Energy-related uncertainty and Chinese stock market returns," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(PB).
    15. Yoshito Funashima, 2022. "Economic policy uncertainty and unconventional monetary policy," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 90(3), pages 278-292, June.
    16. Ma, Yongfan & Hu, Xingcun, 2024. "Shadow banking and SME investment: Evidence from China's new asset management regulations," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 332-349.
    17. Ongena, Steven & Savaşer, Tanseli & Şişli Ciamarra, Elif, 2022. "CEO incentives and bank risk over the business cycle," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    18. Li, Xiao-Ming, 2017. "New evidence on economic policy uncertainty and equity premium," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 46(PA), pages 41-56.
    19. Metiu, Norbert, 2021. "Anticipation effects of protectionist U.S. trade policies," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    20. Marina Diakonova & Luis Molina & Hannes Mueller & Javier J. Pérez & Cristopher Rauh, 2022. "The information content of conflict, social unrest and policy uncertainty measures for macroeconomic forecasting," Working Papers 2232, Banco de España.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    provisión de servicios; individualismo; acceso a servicios; desigualdad;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H10 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - General
    • H40 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - General
    • H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General
    • P19 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Other

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cpt:chapte:2. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Aldo Mascareño (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cepppcl.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.