[go: up one dir, main page]
IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/unt/jnapdj/v12y2005i1p53-79.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

APEC and financial exclusion: missed opportunities for collective action?

Author

Listed:
  • John Conroy

    (Foundation for Development Cooperation, Brisbane, Australia)

Abstract
The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has recently recognized the phenomenon of “financial exclusion” in its member economies, in consequence of a realization of the need to deal with the “losers” in the globalization process. With leadership from Mexico in 2002, APEC considered the merits of “microbanking” as a remedy for financial exclusion. With a number of member economies preferring to deal with financial exclusion as a “development” issue, rather than as a general condition in all APEC economies, APEC appears to have settled upon “microfinance”, rather than microbanking, as the solution to financial exclusion. This paper examines financial exclusion as a generalized problem applicable to all APEC economies. It notes that, in all APEC economies, significant population subgroups are excluded from access to the services of formal financial institutions. It argues that providing such access would bring economic benefits, both in terms of aggregate economic efficiency and of interpersonal equity and equity between households. The paper examines the distinction between microbanking and microfinance, concluding that the latter is a subset of the former and primarily applicable to the developing economies, rather than representing a solution to the generalized problem of financial exclusion. The paper provides an overview of the different forms that microfinance has taken in APEC economies, including Australia. It also reviews the adequacy of the APEC process to discuss financial exclusion effectively.

Suggested Citation

  • John Conroy, 2005. "APEC and financial exclusion: missed opportunities for collective action?," Asia-Pacific Development Journal, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), vol. 12(1), pages 53-79, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:unt:jnapdj:v:12:y:2005:i:1:p:53-79
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/apdj12-1-3-conroy.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Guo‐Hua Cao & Jing Zhang, 2022. "The entrepreneurial ecosystem of inclusive finance and entrepreneurship: A theoretical and empirical test in China," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 1547-1568, January.
    2. Anand S. Kodan & Kuldip S. Chhikara, 2011. "Status of Financial Inclusion in Haryana: An Evidence of Commercial Banks," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 36(3), pages 247-267, August.
    3. Ali, Amjad & Ali, Ahsan & Rajput, Suresh Kumar Oad, 2024. "Role of foreign banks in promoting financial inclusion: “A time series analysis of five permanent members of UN security council”," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 884-893.
    4. Chakravarty, Satya R. & Pal, Rupayan, 2013. "Financial inclusion in India: An axiomatic approach," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 813-837.
    5. David Damiyano & Stephen Mago, 2023. "An Analysis of the Impact of Financial Inclusion on Poverty and Development: Case of SACU Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 13(6), pages 141-147, November.
    6. Liu, Dan & Jin, Yanhong & Pray, Carl & Liu, Shuang, 2020. "The Effects of Digital Inclusive Finance on Household Income and Income Inequality in China?," 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouri 304238, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    7. Jihwan Kim, 2018. "Dissonance between formal and informal housing capital: The case of Korea," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 50(6), pages 1171-1188, September.
    8. Tyler Girard, 2020. "Bank Accounts for All: How Do State Policies Matter?," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(5), pages 793-818, July.
    9. Souha KEROUAT, 2024. "Financial Inclusion and the Contribution of Fintech in Middle-Income Countries: An Empirical Investigation across a Panel of Countries in Africa and Asia," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(2), pages 2189-2204, February.
    10. Marc Audi & Chan Bibi & Khalil Ahmad, 2019. "Financial Inclusion, Economic Growth and Human Well-Being Nexus: Empirics from Pakistan, India, China, Sri-Lanka, Bangladesh and Malaysia," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(4), pages 177-190, December.
    11. Swamy, Vighneswara, 2010. "Bank-based Financial Intermediation for Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth," MPRA Paper 47510, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Hamdino Hamdan & Pazim @ Fadzim Othman & Wan Sabri Wan Hussin, 2012. "The Importance Of Monitoring And Entrepreneurship Concept As Future Direction Of Microfinance In Malaysia: Case Study In The State Of Selangor," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship, Global Research Agency, vol. 3(1), pages 1-25, July.
    13. Beik, Irfan Syauqi & Ayuniyyah, Qurroh & Arsyianti, Laily Dwi, 2009. "The Role of Islamic Rural Bank in Financing the SMEs: Customer Perspective Analysis [Case Study of Amanah Ummah Bank in Bogor City, Indonesia]," MPRA Paper 60538, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Olga Lavrinenko & Edmunds Čižo & Svetlana Ignatjeva & Alina Danileviča & Krzysztof Krukowski, 2023. "Financial Technology (FinTech) as a Financial Development Factor in the EU Countries," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-20, February.
    15. Antonella Francesca Cicchiello & Amirreza Kazemikhasragh & Stefano Monferrá & Alicia Girón, 2021. "Financial inclusion and development in the least developed countries in Asia and Africa," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, December.
    16. Domenica Federico & Maria Adele Milioli & Antonella Notte & Lucia Poletti, 2020. "Financial and Social Inclusion and Financial Sector Development: An Outline in the EU28," American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, Science Publications, vol. 12(1), pages 14-35, January.
    17. Tekeste Berhanu Lakew & Hossein Azadi, 2020. "Financial Inclusion in Ethiopia: Is It on the Right Track?," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-13, May.
    18. Shantanu Ghosh & Tarak Nath Sahu, 2021. "Financial inclusion and economic status of the states of India: An empirical evidence," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 50(2), July.
    19. Abiola Ayopo BABAJIDE & Funso Abiodun OKUNLOLA & Adedoyin Isola LAWAL & Victoria Bosede AKINJARE & Bukola Bose LAWAL-ADEDOYIN, 2021. "Financial Inclusion: Implication on Per Capita Income in Nigeria," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 11(8), pages 603-617, August.
    20. Prakash K. Shrestha, 2020. "Financial Inclusion in Nepal: Progress and Constraints," Journal of Development Innovations, KarmaQuest International, vol. 4(2), pages 1-23, December.
    21. Muri Wole Adedokun & Mehmet Ağa, 2023. "Financial inclusion: A pathway to economic growth in Sub‐Saharan African economies," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(3), pages 2712-2728, July.
    22. Federico, Domenica & Grazioli, Riccardo & Milioli, Maria Adele & Notte, Antonella & Poletti, Lucia, 2021. "Financial and social inclusion in Europe," EIF Working Paper Series 2021/72, European Investment Fund (EIF).
    23. NGONYANI, Danstun, 2022. "Financial Inclusion In Developing Countries. A Review Of The Literature On The Costs And Implications," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", vol. 26(1), pages 54-77, March.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:unt:jnapdj:v:12:y:2005:i:1:p:53-79. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Macroeconomic Policy and Development Division, ESCAP (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/escapth.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.