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Regional Employment Evolutions in the European Union: A Preliminary Analysis

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  • Ron Martin
  • Peter Tyler
Abstract
MARTIN R. and TYLER P.(2000) Regional employment evolutions in the European Union: a preliminary analysis, Reg. Studies 34, 601-616. In recent years there has been considerable interest by academics and policy makers in comparing the employment performance of the European Union with that of the US. In comparison to Europe, the US economy has generated jobs at a dramatically higher rate. However,what is perhaps not as obvious is that there have been significant regional variations in employment growth across the US. Regions which have been fast job creators have tended to stay that way through time and vice-versa for regions with relatively slower growth rates. Moreover, in response to economic shocks the relative regional pattern of employment evolution tends to reassert itself. The regional experience of the US takes on added significance in the context of the progressive movement towards economic and monetary integration which has been underway in the EU since the early 1980s and a central question is whether the US experience provides a guide to the pattern of regional employment change which is emerging across Europe. In particular, will regional employment evolutions become increasingly divergent as Magnifico argued over 25 years ago? In practice little is known about what the pattern of regional evolutions has been across the Member States of the EU and this paper seeks to identify, in a preliminary way, some of the major regional differences which have existed. MARTIN R. et TYLER P.(2000) L'�volution de l'emploi en Europe: une premi�re analyse, Reg. Studies 34, 601-616. Au cours des derni�res ann�es les universitaires et les d�cideurs se sont beaucoup int�ress�s �comparer l'�volution de l'emploi dans l'Union europ�enne �celle aux Etats-Unis. Par rapport �l'Europe, la cr�ation d'emplois aux Etats-Unis s'est av�r�e nettement plus importante. Toujours est-il que des variations r�gionales des taux de croissance de l'emploi sont �noter aussi �travers les Etats-Unis. Les r�gions les plus cr�atrices d'emplois le sont toujours, et vice versa pour ce qui est des r�gions dont le taux de croissance de l'emploi s'av�re relativement moins rapide. Qui plus est, suite aux chocs �conomiques, la distribution r�gionale relative de l'�volution de l'emploi a tendanc�as'imposer de nouveau. L'exp�rience r�gionale aux Etats-Unis se revêt d'une importance suppl�mentaire dans le cadre du processus de tâtonnement vers l'int�gration �conomique et mon�taire qui est en cours de construction depuis le d�but des ann�es 80, et une question primordiale qui se pose est la suivante: l'exp�rience am�ricaine, est-ce qu'elle fournit un mod�le type de la distribution de l'�volution de l'emploi r�gional qui voit le jour �travers l'Europe? En particulier, l'�volution de l'emploi r�gional va-t-elle se creuser, comme le soutient Magnifico il y a vingt-cinq ann�es? En r�alit�, on ne sait pas grande chose de la distribution de l'�volution r�gionale � travers les pays membres de l'Ue, et cet article cherche �faire une premi�re estimation des principales diff�rences r�gionales. MARTIN R. und TYLER P.(2000) Regionale Entwicklungen im Erwerbsleben Europas: eine vorl�ufige Analyse, Reg Studies 34, 601-616. In den letzten Jahren bestand bei Akademikern und Parteiideologen betr�chtliches Interesse an Vergleichen der Arbeitsleistung der Europ�ischen Union mit derjenigen der VereinigtenStaaten. Im Vergleichmit Europa hat die Wirtschaft der USA eine weitaus h�here Rate der Arbeitsplatzschaffung aufzuweisen. Es ist jedoch nicht unbedingt ebenso offensichtlich, daß in den Vereinigten Staaten allgemein bedeutende regionale Unterschiede in der Zunahme von Erwerbsstellen gibt. Regionen, die schnell Arbeitspl�tze beschafften, haben meist auf dieser Tradition aufgebaut und sie fortgesetzt, w�hrend das gleiche umgekehrt auf Regionen mit relativ langsamen Wachstumsraten zutrifft. In Erwiderung auf wirtschaftliche Schocks macht sich zudem das relative regionale Muster der Arbeitsplatzbeschaffung erneut geltend. Im Zusammenhang mit der fortschreitenden Bewegung in Richtung Integration von Wirtschaft und W�hrung, die in der europ�ischen Union Anfang der achtziger Jahre einsetzte, nimmt die regionale Pr�gung der Erfahrungen in den USA zus�tzlich an Bedeutung zu, und es erhebt sich die Frage, ob die Erfahrungen der USA ein Wegweiser f�r das Muster des Wandels regionaler Erwerbst�tigkeit darstellen, das in ganz Europa im Entstehen begriffen ist. Vorallem: werden regionale Entwicklungen im Erwerbswesen weiter auseinanderklaffen, wie Magnifico vor mehr als 25 Jahren behauptete? In der Praxis ist wenig �ber den Verlauf des Musters regionaler Entwicklung in den verschiedenen Mitgliedstaaten der EU bekannt, und dieser Aufsatz sucht, vorl�ufig einige regionale Hauptunterschiede aufzuzeigen, die bestanden haben.

Suggested Citation

  • Ron Martin & Peter Tyler, 2000. "Regional Employment Evolutions in the European Union: A Preliminary Analysis," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(7), pages 601-616, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:34:y:2000:i:7:p:601-616
    DOI: 10.1080/00343400050178410
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    6. Jean‐Pierre Huiban, 2009. "Urban versus Rural Firms: Does Location Affect Labor Demand?," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(4), pages 649-672, December.
    7. de Graaff, Thomas & Ozgen, Ceren & Roth, Duncan H.W., 2018. "Varying Youth Cohort Effects on Regional Labour Market Outcomes in Germany," IZA Discussion Papers 11932, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. GUISAN, Maria-Carmen & CANCELO, Maria-Teresa, 2014. "Industry, Productivity And Development In 96 European Regions, 2005-2010," Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 14(1).
    9. Andreas Diemer & Simona Iammarino & Andrés Rodríguez-Pose & Michael Storper, 2022. "The Regional Development Trap in Europe," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 98(5), pages 487-509, October.
    10. David Audretsch & Marcel Hülsbeck & Erik Lehmann, 2012. "Regional competitiveness, university spillovers, and entrepreneurial activity," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 39(3), pages 587-601, October.
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    12. Di Cataldo, Marco & Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, 2016. "What drives employment growth and social inclusion in EU regions," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 68510, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    13. Jens Suedekum, 2005. "Increasing returns and spatial unemployment disparities," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 84(2), pages 159-181, June.
    14. Richard Shearmur & Philippe Apparicio & Pauline Lizion & Mario Polèse, 2007. "Space, Time, and Local Employment Growth: An Application of Spatial Regression Analysis," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 696-722, December.
    15. Yacine Belarbi & Abdallah Zouache, 2007. "Regional Employment Growth and Spatial Dependencies in Algeria (1998-2005)," Post-Print ujm-00177453, HAL.
    16. Konstantinos A Melachroinos, 2002. "European Integration and the Spatial Dynamics of Manufacturing-Employment Change," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 34(11), pages 2017-2036, November.
    17. Marelli, Enrico, 2004. "Evolution of employment structures and regional specialisation in the EU," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 35-59, March.
    18. Jens Suedekum & Uwe Blien, 2004. "Wages and Employment Growth: Disaggregated Evidence for West Germany," ERSA conference papers ersa04p641, European Regional Science Association.
    19. Apablaza, Mauricio & Sehnbruch, Kirsten & González, Pablo & Mendez Pineda, Rocio, 2021. "Regional inequality in multidimensional quality of employment (QoE): insights from Chile, 1996-2017," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 109819, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    20. Marcello Signorelli, 2005. "Employment and policies in Europe: a regional perspective," Quaderni del Dipartimento di Economia, Finanza e Statistica 05/2005, Università di Perugia, Dipartimento Economia.
    21. Inmaculada Garcia-Mainar & Victor Montuenga-Gomez, 2003. "The Spanish Wage Curve: 1994-1996," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(9), pages 929-945.
    22. Cristiano Perugini & Marcello Signorelli, 2007. "Labour Market Performance Differentials and Dynamics in EU-15 Countries and Regions," European Journal of Comparative Economics, Cattaneo University (LIUC), vol. 4(2), pages 209-262, September.
    23. Alexiadis, Stilianos & Eleftheriou, Konstantinos, 2010. "The Morphology of Income Convergence in US States: New Evidence using an Error-Correction-Model," MPRA Paper 20096, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    24. Michael Dunford, 2002. "Italian Regional Evolutions," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 34(4), pages 657-694, April.
    25. Tani, Massimiliano & Manuguerra, Maurizio, 2013. "The Effect of Migration and Spatial Connectivity on Regional Skill Endowments across Europe: 1988-2010," IZA Discussion Papers 7292, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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