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Requirements of Clinical Journals for Authors’ Disclosure of Financial and Non-Financial Conflicts of Interest: A Cross Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Khaled Shawwa
  • Romy Kallas
  • Serge Koujanian
  • Arnav Agarwal
  • Ignacio Neumann
  • Paul Alexander
  • Kari A O Tikkinen
  • Gordon Guyatt
  • Elie A Akl
Abstract
Importance: It is unclear how medical journals address authors’ financial and non-financial conflict of interest (COI). Objective: To assess the policies of clinical journals for disclosure of financial and non-financial COI. Methods: Cross sectional study that included both review of public documents as well as a simulation of a manuscript submission for the National Library of Medicine’s “core clinical journals”. The study did not involve human subjects. Investigators who abstracted the data, reviewed “instructions for authors” on the journal website and, in order to reflect the actual implementation of the COI disclosure policy, simulated the submission of a manuscript. Two individuals working in duplicate and independently to abstract information using a standardized data abstraction form, resolved disagreements by discussion or with the help of a third person. Results: All but one of 117 core clinical journals had a COI policy. All journals required disclosure of financial COI pertaining to the authors and a minority (35%) asked for financial COI disclosure pertaining to the family members or authors' institution (29%). Over half required the disclosure of at least one form of non-financial COI (57%), out of which only two (3%) specifically referred to intellectual COI. Small minorities of journals (17% and 24% respectively) described a potential impact of disclosed COI and of non-disclosure of COI on the editorial process. Conclusion: While financial COI disclosure was well defined by the majority of the journals, many did not have clear policies on disclosure of non-financial COI, disclosure of financial COI of family members and institutions of the authors, and effect of disclosed COI or non-disclosure of COI on editorial policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Khaled Shawwa & Romy Kallas & Serge Koujanian & Arnav Agarwal & Ignacio Neumann & Paul Alexander & Kari A O Tikkinen & Gordon Guyatt & Elie A Akl, 2016. "Requirements of Clinical Journals for Authors’ Disclosure of Financial and Non-Financial Conflicts of Interest: A Cross Sectional Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(3), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0152301
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152301
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. The PLoS Medicine Editors, 2008. "Making Sense of Non-Financial Competing Interests," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(9), pages 1-3, September.
    2. Hendy Abdoul & Christophe Perrey & Florence Tubach & Philippe Amiel & Isabelle Durand-Zaleski & Corinne Alberti, 2012. "Non-Financial Conflicts of Interest in Academic Grant Evaluation: A Qualitative Study of Multiple Stakeholders in France," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(4), pages 1-10, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lisa A Bero & Quinn Grundy, 2016. "Why Having a (Nonfinancial) Interest Is Not a Conflict of Interest," PLOS Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(12), pages 1-8, December.
    2. S Scott Graham & Zoltan P Majdik & Dave Clark & Molly M Kessler & Tristin Brynn Hooker, 2020. "Relationships among commercial practices and author conflicts of interest in biomedical publishing," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(7), pages 1-11, July.
    3. Leuz, Christian & Malani, Anup & Muhn, Maximilian & Jakab, László, 2022. "Do conflict of interests disclosures work? Evidence from citations in medical journals," CFS Working Paper Series 702, Center for Financial Studies (CFS).
    4. Jiayi Zhu & Ji Sun, 2019. "Conflicts of interest disclosure policies among Chinese medical journals: A cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(7), pages 1-14, July.

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