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A gazdasági stagnálás "színe" és fonákja. Mivel jár együtt az exporttöbblet és az adósságcsökkenés?
[The bright" and gloomy side of economic stagnation]

Author

Listed:
  • Oblath, Gábor
  • Halpern, László
Abstract
Magyarország európai összehasonlításban kiemelkedő exporttöbblete és az ország ebből is következő jelentős nettó külföldi hitelnyújtása voltaképpen tükörképe a fizetési mérleg pénzügyi mérlegében regisztrált jókora hiánynak (a tőke kiáramlásának) és a magánszektor, illetve az ország mérséklődő külső eladósodásának. E folyamatok hátterében azonban a gazdaság lehangoló jövedelmi, fogyasztási és beruházási folyamatai állnak. Ezért indokolatlan egyfelől sikerként ünnepelni az exporttöbbletet, másfelől sajnálkozni a tőke kiáramlásán és az alacsony (csökkenő) beruházási rátán. Ezek a jelenségek ugyanarról szólnak különböző metszetben, s azokat még csak nem is közgazdasági teóriák, hanem egyszerű mérlegösszefüggések kapcsolják össze. Miközben nemzetközi összehasonlításban számszerűsítjük ezeket, egy félreértésre és egy mellőzött jelenségre is felhívjuk a figyelmet. A 2012-ben tapasztalt jelentős tőkekiáramlást olykor "tőkemenekítésként" értelmezik, ez azonban nem olvasható ki az adatokból. Ellenben alig fordul figyelem arra, hogy a magánszektor nettó (amortizáció nélkül számított) beruházásai példátlanul alacsony szintre, a GDP 1 százalékára csökkentek. Beruházási fordulat nélkül sem az exportnövekedés fennmaradására, sem a gazdaság élénkülésére nem lehet számítani, ám a beruházások és a lakossági fogyasztás remélhető emelkedése növekvő importtal jár, ez leapaszthatja az exporttöbbletet, ami viszont átmenetileg visszafoghatja a gazdasági növekedést. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: E65, F32, F34.

Suggested Citation

  • Oblath, Gábor & Halpern, László, 2014. "A gazdasági stagnálás "színe" és fonákja. Mivel jár együtt az exporttöbblet és az adósságcsökkenés? [The bright" and gloomy side of economic stagnation]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 757-800.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:1491
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lengyel, Imre & Varga, Attila, 2018. "A magyar gazdasági növekedés térbeli korlátai - helyzetkép és alapvető dilemmák [The spatial limits of economic growth in Hungary: An overview and some dilemmas]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 499-524.

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    JEL classification:

    • E65 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
    • F32 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems

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