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Why do merger premiums vary across industries and over time?

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  • Madura, Jeff
  • Ngo, Thanh
  • Viale, Ariel M.
Abstract
We identify time-varying industry and macroeconomic factors that explain the observed variation in takeover premiums over time. Results support our hypotheses that some industry and economic factors can increase the growth prospects in an industry, which boosts expected synergies and/or demand for the target firm, and therefore increases the merger premiums. Merger premiums are higher when the target's corresponding industry experiences higher growth, has more research and development (a proxy for expected growth), and has less dispersion in performance among firms within the industry. Merger premiums are also positively related to capital liquidity, which can enhance economic growth and competition for target firms, and positively related to volatility in economic growth, which affect merger waves and the demand for target firms over time.

Suggested Citation

  • Madura, Jeff & Ngo, Thanh & Viale, Ariel M., 2012. "Why do merger premiums vary across industries and over time?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 49-62.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:quaeco:v:52:y:2012:i:1:p:49-62
    DOI: 10.1016/j.qref.2012.01.001
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    Cited by:

    1. Rouine, Ibtissem, 2018. "Target country's leadership style and bidders' takeover decisions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 17-29.
    2. Wolfgang Bessler & Colin Schneck, 2015. "Excess premium offers and bidder success in European takeovers," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 5(1), pages 23-62, June.
    3. Ichiro Iwasaki, 2013. "Firm-Level Determinants of Board System Choice: Evidence from Russia," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 55(4), pages 636-671, December.
    4. Jinho Choi & Nina Shin & Hee Soo Lee, 2020. "Exploring the Dynamics between M&A Activities and Industry-Level Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-24, May.
    5. Morkoetter, Stefan & Wetzer, Thomas, 2015. "Conflicts of Interest and the Role of Financial Advisors in M&A Transactions: Empirical Evidence from the Private Equity Industry," Working Papers on Finance 1515, University of St. Gallen, School of Finance, revised Apr 2017.
    6. Morkoetter, Stefan & Wetzer, Thomas, 2015. "Do Private Equity Funds Always Pay Less? A Synergy-Related Explanation Based on Add-on Acquisitions," Working Papers on Finance 1522, University of St. Gallen, School of Finance, revised Sep 2016.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Takeover premiums; Sector analysis; Merger waves;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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