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Why do banks choose to finance with equity?

Author

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  • Sorokina, Nonna Y.
  • Thornton, John H.
  • Patel, Ajay
Abstract
A majority of U.S. banks between 1973 and 2012 held equity capital significantly beyond the required minimum. We study the risk-return tradeoff in connection with a bank’s capital structure, and identify several new significant market factors that drive the level of equity capital in banks. During normal growth periods, bank leverage is negatively related to a level of competition and loan portfolio diversification, while high bank leverage is associated with low past liquidity. During recessions and expansions, the roles of those factors change following distortions in risk-return tradeoff. In distress, when banks approach regulatory capital requirements, market determinants of book leverage lose their significance; however, leverage does not decrease until a bank is within 1% of the minimal capital threshold.

Suggested Citation

  • Sorokina, Nonna Y. & Thornton, John H. & Patel, Ajay, 2017. "Why do banks choose to finance with equity?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 36-52.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finsta:v:30:y:2017:i:c:p:36-52
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2017.04.002
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    Cited by:

    1. Patel, Ajay & Sorokina, Nonna & Thornton, John H., 2022. "Liquidity and bank capital structure," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    2. Liu Yang & Qing Zhou & Min Zhu, 2021. "De‐risking through equity holdings: Bank and insurer behavior under capital requirements," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(9-10), pages 1889-1917, October.
    3. Ripamonti, Alexandre, 2020. "Financial institutions, asymmetric information and capital structure adjustments," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 75-83.
    4. Alraheb, Tammuz H. & Nicolas, Christina & Tarazi, Amine, 2019. "Institutional environment and bank capital ratios," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 1-24.
    5. Ashraf, Badar Nadeem & Zheng, Changjun & Jiang, Chonghui & Qian, Ningyu, 2020. "Capital regulation, deposit insurance and bank risk: International evidence from normal and crisis periods," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    6. Van Dan Dang, 2019. "Should Vietnamese Banks Need More Equity? Evidence on Risk-Return Trade-Off in Dynamic Models of Banking," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-13, May.
    7. Dunbar, Kwamie, 2022. "Impact of the COVID-19 event on U.S. banks’ financial soundness," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    8. Ripamonti, Alexandre, 2019. "Capital Structure Adjustments and Asymmetric Information," MPRA Paper 96936, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Acosta-Smith, Jonathan & Arnould, Guillaume & Milonas, Kristoffer & Vo, Quynh-Anh, 2019. "Capital and liquidity interaction in banking," Bank of England working papers 840, Bank of England, revised 22 Jun 2020.
    10. Raad Mozib Lalon & Farhana Morshada, 2020. "Impact of Credit Risk Management on Profitability of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: An Estimation of Dynamic Panel Data Model," International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 9(3), pages 131-147, July.
    11. Behn, Markus & Daminato, Claudio & Salleo, Carmelo, 2019. "A dynamic model of bank behaviour under multiple regulatory constraints," Working Paper Series 2233, European Central Bank.
    12. Douglas da Rosa München & Herbert Kimura, 2020. "Regulatory Banking Leverage: what do you know?," Working Papers Series 540, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Capital structure; Leverage; Bank; Competition; Diversification; Liquidity; Capital requirements; Economic cycle;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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