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Fama–MacBeth two-pass regressions: Improving risk premia estimates

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  • Bai, Jushan
  • Zhou, Guofu
Abstract
In this paper, we provide the asymptotic theory for the widely used Fama and MacBeth (1973) two-pass risk premia estimates in the usual case of a large number of assets. We demonstrate analytically and using simulations that the standard OLS and GLS estimators can contain large bias when the time series sample size is small, but our proposed OLS and GLS estimators can reduce the bias significantly.

Suggested Citation

  • Bai, Jushan & Zhou, Guofu, 2015. "Fama–MacBeth two-pass regressions: Improving risk premia estimates," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 15(C), pages 31-40.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:15:y:2015:i:c:p:31-40
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2015.08.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jianqing Fan & Yuan Liao & Martina Mincheva, 2013. "Large covariance estimation by thresholding principal orthogonal complements," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 75(4), pages 603-680, September.
    2. Shanken, Jay & Zhou, Guofu, 2007. "Estimating and testing beta pricing models: Alternative methods and their performance in simulations," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(1), pages 40-86, April.
    3. Raymond Kan & Cesare Robotti & Jay Shanken, 2013. "Pricing Model Performance and the Two‐Pass Cross‐Sectional Regression Methodology," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(6), pages 2617-2649, December.
    4. Shanken, Jay, 1992. "On the Estimation of Beta-Pricing Models," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 5(1), pages 1-33.
    5. Jushan Bai & Shuzhong Shi, 2011. "Estimating High Dimensional Covariance Matrices and its Applications," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 12(2), pages 199-215, November.
    6. Fama, Eugene F. & French, Kenneth R., 1993. "Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 3-56, February.
    7. William F. Sharpe, 1964. "Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 19(3), pages 425-442, September.
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    9. Fama, Eugene F & MacBeth, James D, 1973. "Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 607-636, May-June.
    10. Black, Fischer, 1972. "Capital Market Equilibrium with Restricted Borrowing," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 45(3), pages 444-455, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stefano Giglio & Dacheng Xiu, 2017. "Inference on Risk Premia in the Presence of Omitted Factors," NBER Working Papers 23527, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Cavalcante-Filho, Elias & Chague, Fernando & De-Losso, Rodrigo & Giovannetti, Bruno, 2022. "US risk premia under emerging markets constraints," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 217-230.
    3. José Luis Montiel Olea & Pietro Ortoleva & Mallesh Pai & Andrea Prat, 2021. "Competing Models," Working Papers 2021-89, Princeton University. Economics Department..
    4. Pesaran, M. Hashem & Smith, Ron P., 2023. "Arbitrage pricing theory, the stochastic discount factor and estimation of risk premia from portfolios," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 17-30.
    5. M. Hashem Pesaran & Ron P. Smith, 2019. "The Role of Factor Strength and Pricing Errors for Estimation and Inference in Asset Pricing Models," CESifo Working Paper Series 7919, CESifo.
    6. Han, Yufeng & Zhou, Guofu & Zhu, Yingzi, 2016. "A trend factor: Any economic gains from using information over investment horizons?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(2), pages 352-375.
    7. M. Hashem Pesaran & Run Smith, 2021. "Arbitrage pricing theory, the stochastic discount factor and estimation of risk premia in portfolios," BCAM Working Papers 2108, Birkbeck Centre for Applied Macroeconomics.
    8. M. Hashem Pesaran & Ron P. Smith, 2021. "Factor Strengths, Pricing Errors, and Estimation of Risk Premia," CESifo Working Paper Series 8947, CESifo.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Cross-section; Fama–MacBeth; Risk premia; Asset pricing models;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • C11 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Bayesian Analysis: General
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

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