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Ecological Model Explaining the Psychosocial Adaptation to COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Tânia Gaspar

    (Sleep Medicine Center—CENC, 1070-068 Lisbon, Portugal
    Centro Lusíada de Investigação em Serviço Social e Intervenção Social (CLISSIS), Universidade Lusíada, 1349-001 Lisboa, Portugal
    Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
    Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Teresa Paiva

    (Sleep Medicine Center—CENC, 1070-068 Lisbon, Portugal
    Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
    Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Margarida Gaspar Matos

    (Sleep Medicine Center—CENC, 1070-068 Lisbon, Portugal
    Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
    APPSYci, ISPA—University Institute, 1100-304 Lisbon, Portugal)

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to understand and characterize the adoption of an ecological perspective and the physical, psychological, social, and contextual health factors that may influence the adjustment to and mental health experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 5479 participants, of which 3710 were female (67.7%), aged between 18 and 90 years old, with a mean age of 48.57 years (SD = 14.29), were considered three age groups: 21.5% up to 35 years old, 61.8% between 36 and 64 years old, and 16.7% 65 years old or more. The mental health and individual adjustment to the COVID-19 situation are explained by socio-demographic factors, health-related factors, lifestyles, attitudes and behaviors, lockdown experience, and place of residence. A better adaptation and mental health are observed among men, people with a higher educational level, people with lower sadness, nervousness, and burnout, and people whose health situation did not worsen with the pandemic. In terms of lifestyle, a better adaptation is related to a better quality of sleep, fewer nightmares, a higher practice of physical activity, and less consumption of processed foods and sweets. A better adaptation is also associated with lower levels of dependence on alcohol, TV, and SN (social networks) and a more positive experience of the lockdown imposed by the pandemic. Gender and age group differences in the described context were studied. Promoting a better adjustment and improved mental health when dealing with the COVID-19 requires an ecological understanding and multitarget interventions, targeting physical, mental, and social health together with the contextual environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Tânia Gaspar & Teresa Paiva & Margarida Gaspar Matos, 2022. "Ecological Model Explaining the Psychosocial Adaptation to COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5159-:d:800871
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cuiyan Wang & Riyu Pan & Xiaoyang Wan & Yilin Tan & Linkang Xu & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2020. "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-25, March.
    2. Yingfei Zhang & Zheng Feei Ma, 2020. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Quality of Life among Local Residents in Liaoning Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-12, March.
    3. Patrick Klaiber & Jin H Wen & Anita DeLongis & Nancy L Sin & Derek M Isaacowitz, 2021. "The Ups and Downs of Daily Life During COVID-19: Age Differences in Affect, Stress, and Positive Events," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 76(2), pages 30-37.
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    Cited by:

    1. Francisco Sampaio & Susana Gaspar & César Fonseca & Manuel José Lopes & Teresa Paiva & Lara Guedes de Pinho, 2023. "Sleep Quality between Nurses and the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal: What Are the Differences?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-10, April.
    2. Tania Gaspar & Marta Raimundo & Sofia Borges de Sousa & Marta Barata & Tulia Cabrita, 2023. "Relationship between Burden, Quality of Life and Difficulties of Informal Primary Caregivers in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of the Contributions of Public Policies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-18, March.

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