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The Impact of New Drug Launches on Hospitalization in 2015 for 67 Medical Conditions in 15 OECD Countries: A Two-Way Fixed-Effects Analysis

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  • Lichtenberg Frank R.

    (Columbia University, New York, NY, USA)

Abstract
There are two types of prescription drug cost offsets. The first type of cost offset – from prescription drug use – is primarily about the effect of changes in drug quantity (e.g. due to changes in out-of-pocket drug costs) on other medical costs. Previous studies indicate that the cost offsets from prescription drug use may slightly exceed the cost of the drugs themselves. The second type of cost offset – the cost offset from prescription drug innovation – is primarily about the effect of prescription drug quality on other medical costs. Two previous studies (of a single disease or a single country) found that pharmaceutical innovation reduced hospitalization, and that the reduction in hospital cost from the use of newer drugs was considerably greater than the innovation-induced increase in pharmaceutical expenditure. In this study, we reexamine the impact that pharmaceutical innovation has had on hospitalization, employing a different type of 2-way fixed effects research design. In lieu of analyzing different countries over time for a single disease, or different diseases over time for a single country, we estimate the impact that new drug launches that occurred during the period 1982–2015 had on hospitalization in 2015 for 67 diseases in 15 OECD countries. Our models include both country fixed effects and disease fixed effects, which control for the average propensity of people to be hospitalized in each country and from each disease. The number of hospital discharges and days of care in 2015 is significantly inversely related to the number of drugs launched during 1982–2005, but not significantly related to the number of drugs launched after 2005. (Utilization of drugs during the first few years after they are launched is relatively low, and drugs for chronic conditions may have to be consumed for several years to achieve full effectiveness.) The estimates imply that, if no new drugs had been launched after 1981, total days of care in 2015 would have been 163% higher than it actually was. The estimated reduction in 2015 hospital expenditure that may be attributable to post-1981 drug launches was 5.3 times as large as 2015 expenditure on those drugs.

Suggested Citation

  • Lichtenberg Frank R., 2018. "The Impact of New Drug Launches on Hospitalization in 2015 for 67 Medical Conditions in 15 OECD Countries: A Two-Way Fixed-Effects Analysis," Forum for Health Economics & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 21(2), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:fhecpo:v:21:y:2018:i:2:p:20:n:4
    DOI: 10.1515/fhep-2018-0009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Congressional Budget Office, 2012. "Offsetting Effects of Prescription Drug Use on Medicare’s Spending for Medical Services," Reports 43741, Congressional Budget Office.
    2. Jerry Hausman, 2001. "Mismeasured Variables in Econometric Analysis: Problems from the Right and Problems from the Left," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 15(4), pages 57-67, Fall.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lichtenberg, Frank R., 2022. "The effect of pharmaceutical innovation on longevity: Evidence from the U.S. and 26 high-income countries," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    2. Frank R. Lichtenberg, 2024. "Has pharmaceutical innovation reduced the average cost of U.S. health care episodes?," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 1-31, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    pharmaceutical; innovation; hospitalization;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • L65 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology; Plastics
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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