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Factors impacting patent applications in European countries

Author

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  • Bojan Ćudić
Abstract
The paper investigates the gap in the number of patent applications by European countries in the period 2010–2018. During the observed period, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) received an average of 1.9 applications per million inhabitants per year from the countries of the Western Balkans (WB‐5), which is as much as 98% less than the average for the whole of Europe. The purpose of the paper is to create a model for increasing the number of patent applications in developing countries, which should lead to a higher number of granted patents. The author analyses variables that have an impact on the number of the patent applications (functional literacy, human development index, university/industry research collaboration, and gross domestic spending on R&D) in the developed (EU‐28) and developing (WB‐5) countries. The WB‐5 firms, especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs), do not use of the opportunities offered by intellectual property (IP) protection. They find the system too costly, complex, and difficult to manage. Based on the results of statistical analyses and conclusions from recent literature that tackles the usage of IP, the author builds a model for increasing the number of patent applications among European SMEs that is based on the support of international business support organizations (BSOs). Moreover, the author recognizes the positive impact of international IP support programmes (such as EU IPR Helpdesk ambassador scheme) on the work of local BSOs that deal with IP rights. Este artículo investiga las disparidades en el número de solicitudes de patentes por países europeos en el periodo 2010‐2018. Durante el periodo observado, la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI) recibió un promedio anual de 1,9 solicitudes por millón de habitantes procedentes de los países de los Balcanes Occidentales (WB‐5), lo que supone hasta un 98% menos que el promedio de toda Europa. El objetivo de este artículo es crear un modelo para aumentar el número de solicitudes de patentes en los países en desarrollo, lo que debería conducir a un aumento de las patentes concedidas. El autor analiza las variables que influyen en el número de solicitudes de patentes (alfabetización funcional, índice de desarrollo humano, colaboración universidad/empresa en materia de investigación y gasto interior bruto en I+D) en los países desarrollados (UE‐28) y en desarrollo (WB‐5). Las empresas de países WB‐5, especialmente las pequeñas y medianas (PYME), no aprovechan las oportunidades que ofrece la protección de la propiedad intelectual (PI). Consideran que el sistema es demasiado costoso, complejo y difícil de gestionar. A partir de los resultados de los análisis estadísticos y de las conclusiones de la literatura reciente que trata el uso de la PI, el estudio desarrolla un modelo para aumentar el número de solicitudes de patentes entre las PYME europeas que se basa en el apoyo de las organizaciones de apoyo a las empresas (OAE) de ámbito internacional. Además, en el artículo se reconoce la repercusión positiva de los programas internacionales de apoyo a la PI (como el programa de embajadores del servicio de asistencia de la UE en materia de derechos de propiedad intelectual) en la labor de las OAE que se ocupan de los derechos de la PI. 本稿では、2010~2018年の期間における特許出願数の欧州各国での差を検討する。観察期間中に、世界知的所有権機関 (World Intellectual Property Organization:WIPO)は、西バルカン諸国 (WB‐5)から100万住民当たり年間平均で1.9件の申請を受理しており、これはヨーロッパ全体の平均よりも98%も低い。本稿の目的は、開発途上国における特許出願数を増加させるためのモデルを作成することであり、これは特許の登録数の増加につながると考えられる。先進国 (EU‐28)と発展途上国 (WB‐5)における特許出願数 (機能リテラシー、人間開発指数、産学共同研究、研究開発に対する国内総支出)に影響する変数を解析した。WB‐5の企業、特に中小企業は、知的財産 (IP)を保護する制度を利用していない。これら企業は、このシステムはコストがかかり、複雑で、管理が困難であると考えている。知的財産の利用に関する統計分析の結果と最近の研究の結論から、国際ビジネス支援機関 (BSO)のサポートにより、ヨーロッパの中小企業の特許出願数を増加させるためのモデルを構築した。さらに、国際的な知的財産サポートプログラム[EUのIPR Helpdesk ambassador scheme (知的財産権ヘルプデスクアンバサダー制度)など]が、知的財産権を扱う地域のBSOの活動にプラスの影響を与えることが認められる。

Suggested Citation

  • Bojan Ćudić, 2021. "Factors impacting patent applications in European countries," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(3), pages 573-589, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:573-589
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12405
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Vinko Muštra & Andrés Rodríguez‐Pose, 2021. "Challenges and policies for middle‐income trapped regions and cities," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(3), pages 438-440, June.
    2. Bojan Ćudić & Iwona Skrodzka, 2021. "‘Soft’ Support Infrastructure And The Performance Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises In European Countries," Economic Annals, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, vol. 66(230), pages 67-100, July – Se.

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