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Rewriting Monetary Policy 101: What's the Fed's Preferred Post-Crisis Approach to Raising Interest Rates?

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Listed:
  • Jane E. Ihrig
  • Ellen E. Meade
  • Gretchen C. Weinbach
Abstract
For many years prior to the global financial crisis, the Federal Open Market Committee set a target for the federal funds rate and achieved that target through small purchases and sales of securities in the open market. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, with a superabundant level of reserve balances in the banking system having been created as a result of the Federal Reserve's large-scale asset purchase programs, this approach to implementing monetary policy will no longer work. This paper provides a primer on the Fed's implementation of monetary policy. We use the standard textbook model to illustrate why the approach used by the Federal Reserve before the financial crisis to keep the federal funds rate near the Federal Open Market Committee's target will not work in current circumstances, and explain the approach that the Committee intends to use instead when it decides to begin raising short-term interest rates.

Suggested Citation

  • Jane E. Ihrig & Ellen E. Meade & Gretchen C. Weinbach, 2015. "Rewriting Monetary Policy 101: What's the Fed's Preferred Post-Crisis Approach to Raising Interest Rates?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 29(4), pages 177-198, Fall.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:jecper:v:29:y:2015:i:4:p:177-98
    Note: DOI: 10.1257/jep.29.4.177
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arvind Krishnamurthy & Annette Vissing-Jorgensen, 2011. "The Effects of Quantitative Easing on Interest Rates: Channels and Implications for Policy," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 43(2 (Fall)), pages 215-287.
    2. Josh Frost & Lorie Logan & Antoine Martin & Patrick E. McCabe & Fabio M. Natalucci & Julie Remache, 2015. "Overnight RRP Operations as a Monetary Policy Tool: Some Design Considerations," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2015-10, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Jane E. Ihrig & Ellen E. Meade & Gretchen C. Weinbach, 2015. "Monetary Policy 101: A Primer on the Fed's Changing Approach to Policy Implementation," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2015-47, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Homburg Stefan, 2016. "Pure Theory of the Federal Funds Rate," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 67(3), pages 285-296, December.
    2. Jane E. Ihrig & Edward Kim & Cindy M. Vojtech & Gretchen C. Weinbach, 2019. "How Have Banks Been Managing the Composition of High-Quality Liquid Assets?," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 101(3).
    3. Andrew Foerster & Sylvain Leduc, 2019. "Why Is the Fed’s Balance Sheet Still So Big?," FRBSF Economic Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
    4. Alyssa G. Anderson & Wenxin Du & Bernd Schlusche, 2021. "Arbitrage Capital of Global Banks," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-032, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    5. Dawid J. van Lill, 2017. "Changes in the Liquidity Effect Over Time: Evidence from Four Monetary Policy Regimes," Working Papers 704, Economic Research Southern Africa.
    6. Jane E. Ihrig & Scott A. Wolla, 2020. "Let's Close the Gap: Revising Teaching Materials to Reflect How the Federal Reserve Implements Monetary Policy," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2020-092, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    7. Marcelo Rezende & Mary-Frances Styczynski & Cindy M. Vojtech, 2016. "The Effects of Liquidity Regulation on Bank Demand in Monetary Policy Operations," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2016-090, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    8. Homburg, Stefan, 2017. "A Study in Monetary Macroeconomics," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198807537.
    9. Jane Ihrig & Elizabeth Klee & Canlin Li & Min Wei & Joe Kachovec, 2018. "Expectations about the Federal Reserve’s Balance Sheet and the Term Structure of Interest Rates," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 14(2), pages 341-391, March.
    10. Spierdijk, Laura & Shaffer, Sherrill & Considine, Tim, 2017. "How do banks adjust to changing input prices? A dynamic analysis of U.S. commercial banks before and after the crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 1-14.
    11. Ramaswamy, R., 2018. "A Decade After Lehman: Taking Stock of Quantitative Easing and Regulation," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1824, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    12. Alyssa G. Anderson & Jeff W. Huther, 2016. "Modelling Overnight RRP Participation," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2016-023, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    13. Kenneth N. Kuttner, 2018. "Outside the Box: Unconventional Monetary Policy in the Great Recession and Beyond," Department of Economics Working Papers 2018-04, Department of Economics, Williams College.
    14. Elizabeth C. Klee & Zeynep Senyuz & Emre Yoldas, 2016. "Effects of Changing Monetary and Regulatory Policy on Overnight Money Markets," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2016-084, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    15. Thomas Keating & Marco Macchiavelli, 2017. "Interest on Reserves and Arbitrage in Post-Crisis Money Markets," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2017-124, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    16. Kevin L Kliesen, 2023. "A Comparison of Fed "Tightening" Episodes since the 1980s," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 19(3), pages 423-450, August.
    17. James A. Clouse & Sam Schulhofer-Wohl, 2018. "A Sequential Bargaining Model of the Fed Funds Market with Excess Reserves," Working Paper Series WP-2018-8, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    18. Sriya Anbil & Zeynep Senyuz, 2018. "The Regulatory and Monetary Policy Nexus in the Repo Market," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2018-027, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    19. Fabio Canetg, 2020. "Monetary Policy Implementation and Pass-Through," Diskussionsschriften dp2004, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
    20. Jane E. Ihrig & Zeynep Senyuz & Gretchen C. Weinbach, 2020. "The Fed’s “Ample-Reserves” Approach to Implementing Monetary Policy," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2020-022, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    21. Han Chen & Jim Clouse & Jane Ihrig & Elizabeth Klee, 2016. "The Federal Reserve's Tools for Policy Normalization in a Preferred Habitat Model of Financial Markets," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 48(5), pages 921-955, August.
    22. Christopher Curfman & John Kandrac, 2019. "The costs and benefits of liquidity regulations: Lessons from an idle monetary policy tool," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2019-041, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    23. Alyssa G. Anderson & John Kandrac, 2016. "Monetary Policy Implementation and Private Repo Displacement : Evidence from the Overnight Reverse Repurchase Facility," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2016-096, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    24. Rezende, Marcelo & Styczynski, Mary-Frances & Vojtech, Cindy M., 2021. "The Effects of Liquidity Regulation on Bank Demand in Monetary Policy Operations," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises

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