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Immigration and Entrepreneurship in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Pierre Azoulay
  • Benjamin F. Jones
  • J. Daniel Kim
  • Javier Miranda
Abstract
Immigrants can expand labor supply and compete for jobs with native-born workers. But immigrants may also start new firms, expanding labor demand. This paper uses US administrative data and other data sources to study the role of immigrants in entrepreneurship. We ask how often immigrants start companies, how many jobs these firms create, and how firms founded by native-born individuals compare. A simple model provides a measurement framework for addressing the dual roles of immigrants as founders and workers. The findings suggest that immigrants act more as "job creators" than "job takers" and play outsized roles in US high-growth entrepreneurship.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Azoulay & Benjamin F. Jones & J. Daniel Kim & Javier Miranda, 2022. "Immigration and Entrepreneurship in the United States," American Economic Review: Insights, American Economic Association, vol. 4(1), pages 71-88, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:aerins:v:4:y:2022:i:1:p:71-88
    DOI: 10.1257/aeri.20200588
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stuart J.H. Graham & Cheryl Grim & Tariqul Islam & Alan C. Marco & Javier Miranda, 2018. "Business dynamics of innovating firms: Linking U.S. patents with administrative data on workers and firms," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 372-402, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups

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