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Technologischer Wandel und Ungleichheit

Author

Listed:
  • Stella Zilian
  • Maximilian Unger
  • Wolfgang Polt
  • Wilfried Altzinger
Abstract
The on-going digitalization of economic activities has once again fuelled the discussion concerning the effects of technological change on employment and the income distribution. This article investigates recent empirical studies and, despite the methodological and conceptual differences that are found, identifies several key findings. In the medium run productivity gains seem to be neutral with regard to employment, although significant negative effects may occur in the short run. In addition, these effects might vary among sectors. The effects of innovation intensity also differ among sectors and firms where product innovations in particular seem to have positive effects on employment. Any displacement induced by technological change affects workers differently depending on their tasks and qualifications. This leads to a polarization at the labour market. The unequal impact of technological change on different occupations in turn partly determines the income distribution, which also exhibits a tendency towards polarization. At the same time, aspects of market structure and market power are relevant for the distribution of income among firms as well as between firms and employees. This article therefore concludes that the distributional issues in connection with technological change have to be discussed in a new perspective considering the varying impact of technological change on the income distribution between people with different qualifications as well as between capital and labour.

Suggested Citation

  • Stella Zilian & Maximilian Unger & Wolfgang Polt & Wilfried Altzinger, 2016. "Technologischer Wandel und Ungleichheit," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 42(4), pages 591-615.
    • Handle: RePEc:clr:wugarc:y:2016v:42i:4p:591
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Maximilian Unger & Stella Zilian & Wolfgang Polt & Wilfried Altzinger & Timon Scheuer & Karim Bekhtiar, 2017. "Technologischer Fortschritt und Ungleichheit: eine empirische Analyse der Entwicklung in Österreich 2008-2014," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 43(3), pages 405-437.
    2. Michael Peneder & Matthias Firgo & Gerhard Streicher, 2019. "Stand der Digitalisierung in Österreich," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 61654, March.
    3. Petra Sauer & Narasimha D. Rao & Shonali Pachauri, 2020. "Explaining income inequality trends: An integrated approach," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-65, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    4. Christine Mayrhuber & Julia Bock-Schappelwein, 2018. "Dimensionen plattformbasierter Arbeit in Österreich und Europa. Implikationen für die soziale Sicherheit," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 61667, March.

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